特质正念的个体差异：脑结构与功能基础

发布时间：2018-02-26 23:23

本文关键词： 特质正念个体差异 freesurfer 静息态功能连接　出处：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：大部分研究者认为正念是基于开放的心态,对时时刻刻可感知的体验不判断,保持觉知。已有的正念冥想的研究大多集中在有意正念(经过训练可改变的那部分正念)上,很少有研究探索了神经解剖结构/大脑活动与特质正念个体差异之间的关联,然而对于特质正念个体差异的探索却是必要的。首先,开始正念冥想训练之前,每个人存在的个体差异(特质正念)都可能影响着训练的效果;其次,正念冥想训练并不是对每个人对都有效果,那么对于无效的那部分人群或者不想参加想长期训练的个体,我们是否可以通过对特质正念而非有意正念的改变来达到改善心理健康的目的。这些都是建立在对特质正念个体差异的准确认知上。相比较于数量迅速增加的正念冥想的干预研究,特质正念的个体差异研究受到的关注就要少得多,进而在特质正念诸多维度的个体差异层面上,精细的多种脑结构与功能指标的探索就更少了。而且特质正念具有的多维度性,多层次性以及动静态的交替可变性都决定了他拥有一个复杂的工作机制,加之每个人对正念冥想的反应不同,个体差异也变得复杂。目前关于正特质正念个体差异神经解剖学与功能的基础尚未明确,而且未看到使用皮层指标(皮层体积,厚度,表面积等)探索特质正念个体差异。总之对于特质正念个体差异的脑结构与功能基础还需要进一步的探索,从而从神经基础层面来认识正念的各个成分与机制。本研究的第一部分选取测量特质特质正念最为经典的单维度问卷--2003年编制而成的正念注意觉知问卷--为基础,考察了基于正念注意觉知量表的特质正念的脑皮层结构个体差异。研究1的行为数据采集了正念注意觉知问卷,贝克抑郁问卷,情绪调节问卷,脑影像数据采集了被试的大脑结构像数据。首先使用freesurfer软件包,将被试正念注意觉知量表的问卷得分与大脑皮层的各种形态学指标(皮层厚度,皮层表面积,皮层体积)做相关,考察基于正念注意觉知量表的特质正念个体差异的神经机制。然后使用显著的个体差异的脑区平均信号,正念行为得分,抑郁症状得分/情绪调节得分三者进行中介分析。最后发现矫正后,正念觉知量表评分与右侧楔前叶的皮层体积存在显著的正相关,并且楔前叶对抑郁症严重程度的影响受到特质正念程度的影响。研究2对研究1的被试进行了追踪,试图检验研究1结果的稳定性。在经过一年后,将参加过研究1的被试招募回来(重测超一半的被试),对正念注意觉知量表进行重测。然后,将研究1中各被试楔前叶的平均信号值提出来与本次行为测试得分做相关。最后发现,第一次楔前叶的脑信号与第二次的行为显著相关,说明楔前叶能够成功预测第二次的特质正念程度。结果证明了楔前叶的稳定性,该脑区可能是特质正念个体差异的关键脑区。研究3选取五因素正念问卷作为多维度测量正念的工具,试图通过对皮层结构与静息态功能连接的分析,从神经影像学层面考察特质正念的各成分。由于研究1中的正念测量工具是单维度,在对正念冥想的测量上有所侧重而不够全面,而为了更加全面地考察特质正念脑结构与功能基础的个体差异,本研究最后选取了这一测量工具。研究3的行为数据采集除了该正念问卷,还有贝克抑郁和情绪调节问卷。脑影像数据则采集了结构和静息态数据。此外,鉴于已有大量研究认为正念冥想在心理健康中的积极作用,但鲜有研究从特质正念角度入手探索正念冥想行为-脑-心理健康之间的关系。于是本研究使用中介效应分析,通过对脑-正念行为-心理健康三者的分析,来从侧面验证特质正念个体差异对心理健康(这里选取最为常见的抑郁症状和情绪调节指标)存在的潜在积极作用。最后基于皮层形态学的结构分析发现五因素正念问卷的描述维度与右侧额下回(ba46),顶下小叶(ba40)和左侧额上回(ba9)的皮层表面积以右侧额下回(ba46)的皮层体积显著正相关。不判断维度与额上回(ba10)和枕中的皮层表面积正相关。另外,不反应维度与右侧额上回(ba8)的皮质厚度呈负相关,并且,经过静息态功能连接的分析发现,楔前叶与内侧前额叶的功能连接与不反应维度显著负相关。此外,经过后续的中介分析发现特质正念明显(描述维度)影响着额下回灰质体积和认知重评能力的相关。中介效应显示特质正念可能在情绪调节中发挥着一定的保护作用。总的来说,这些脑区不仅在自我觉知方面发挥了关键作用,而且在注意力控制和情绪调节方面都扮演着重要角色,并且三者都是正念冥想的重要成分。结合本研究的三个部分可以发现,正念注意觉知问卷测量的特质正念个体差异主要体现在楔前叶的皮层体积上,主要涉及自我觉知;并且楔前叶通过改正年行为得分影响着抑郁症状严重程度,验证了特质正念在缓解抑郁上的积极作用。五因素正念问卷测量的特质正念的个体差异在结构上主要体现在额上/下回,顶下小叶,静息态功能连接上主要体现在楔前叶-内侧额上回,这些结构与功能的个体差异主要涉及到注意力控制,自我觉知和情绪调节三个方面;并且额下回的皮层体积通过描述维度的得分影响着情绪调节的认知重评能力,验证了正念在情绪调节上可能存在的积极作用。
[Abstract]:Most researchers believe that mindfulness is an open mind based on the judgment of not always can feel, be aware. Previous studies mostly focus on intentional mindfulness meditation mindfulness (after that mindfulness training can change), few studies have explored the neural anatomy / association between brain activity and trait mindfulness individual differences, but for the characteristics of individual differences in the exploration of mindfulness is necessary. First, before the start of mindfulness meditation training, individual differences in a person's existence (may affect the trait mindfulness) training effect; secondly, mindfulness meditation training is not for everyone to have the effect, so for that part of the population is invalid and do not want to participate to the long-term training of the individual, whether we can improve the mental health of the characteristics of mindfulness rather than to mindfulness change. These are built Stand in the accurate cognition of individual differences on the trait mindfulness intervention study. Compared to the rapid increase in the number of mindfulness meditation, research on individual differences in trait mindfulness have received much less, and at the level of individual differences in trait mindfulness many dimensions, explore the fine many kinds of brain structure and function index is less and the multi dimension trait mindfulness has the diversity and variability of the static dynamic alternating decided he has a complex mechanism, and each person of mindfulness meditation to respond differently to individual differences also become complicated. At present is based on individual differences in trait mindfulness neuroanatomy and function is not yet clear, but not see the use of cortical index (cortical thickness, volume, surface area) to explore individual differences in trait mindfulness. In short the brain structure and function characteristics of individual differences of mindfulness based The foundation also needs further exploration, and from the level of understanding the neural basis of each component and the mechanism of mindfulness. The first part selects the measurement of traits of mindfulness of the most classic single dimension questionnaire --2003 compiled the questionnaire for the mindful attention awareness foundation, examines the mindful attention awareness of individual differences in cerebral cortex structure knowledge trait mindfulness scale based on the behavioral data collected in 1 of the mindful attention awareness questionnaire, Beck depression questionnaire, emotion regulation questionnaire, brain imaging data acquisition brain structure subjects like data. Firstly, using the FreeSurfer software package, be mindful attention awareness various morphological index scale questionnaire and the scores of knowledge the cerebral cortex (cortical thickness, cortical surface area, cortical volume) to do related research based on the neural mechanism of mindful attention awareness knowledge trait mindfulness individual difference scale. Then use significantly The average signal brain regions of individual differences, mindfulness scores, scores of depressive symptoms / emotion regulation score of three were analyzed. The intermediary finally found after correction, mindfulness scale and right precuneus cortex volume is positively correlated, and precuneus affect the severity of depression was influenced by the characteristics of mindfulness research on 2 degree. 1 of the participants were tracked to test the research results of the stability of 1. After a year, will participate in the study of 1 subjects recruited back (retest over half of subjects), the mindful attention awareness scale were re measured. Then, the research in 1 the average signal precuneus.3.7increased value put forward related to the behavioral scores. Finally, the first time the precuneus significantly related to brain signals and the second act, that the precuneus can successfully predict the second characteristics of mindfulness level . the results prove that the stability lobe precuneus, the brain may be a key brain region trait differences. On the 3 mindfulness selects five factors of mindfulness questionnaire as a multi-dimensional measurement of mindfulness tool, tries to analyze cortical structures connected with resting state function, each component from the neuroimaging study of mindfulness level traits because of the measuring tool 1. Mindfulness is the single dimension, in the measurement of mindfulness meditation on the emphasis and is not comprehensive enough, and in order to more fully examine individual differences in brain structure and function characteristics of mindfulness based, this research finally selects the measurement tools. Research on the behavior of 3 data acquisition in addition to the mindfulness questionnaire. And Beck depression and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Data acquisition is the structure of brain imaging and resting state data. In addition, there are a lot of research in view of that mindfulness meditation positive role in mental health, but fresh Starting from the research perspective to explore the relationship between trait mindfulness and mindfulness meditation behavior - brain - mental health. So this study uses the mediating effect analysis, through the analysis of the brain - behavior - mindfulness mental health of the three, from the side to verify the characteristics of mindfulness of individual differences on mental health (which selects the most common symptoms of depression and emotion regulation index) potential positive effects exist. Finally, based on the analysis found that five factors of mindfulness questionnaire description of dimensions and morphology of the right inferior frontal cortex structure (BA46), inferior parietal lobule (ba40) and left superior frontal gyrus (BA9) cortical surface area in the right inferior frontal gyrus (BA46) was positively related to the volume of the cortex. Do not judge the dimensions and superior frontal gyrus (BA10) positive and occipital cortical surface area. In addition, no reaction dimension and right superior frontal gyrus (ba8) cortical thickness was negatively correlated, and through analysis of resting state functional connectivity found , precuneus and medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity and response dimensions have a significant negative correlation. In addition, after further analysis found that the obvious trait of mindfulness (intermediary description dimension) affects the inferior frontal gray matter volume and cognitive reappraisal ability. The mediating effect of display trait mindfulness may play a protective role in emotion regulation. In general, these brain regions not only play a key role in self awareness, and regulation in attentional control and emotion plays an important role, and the three is an important component of mindfulness meditation. Combined with the three part of this study can be found, mindful attention awareness of individual differences in trait mindfulness questionnaire of knowledge is mainly reflected in the precuneus cortical volume, mainly related to self awareness; and precuneus by correcting years behavioral scores affect depression severity, quality is verified Read the role in alleviating depression. Individual differences in trait Mindfulness Mindfulness questionnaires measuring five factors mainly in the structure of next time in the frontal / parietal lobule, resting state functional connectivity in the precuneus and medial frontal gyrus mainly reflects the structure and function of these individual differences, mainly related to attentional control self awareness and emotion regulation in three aspects; and to describe the scores of emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal ability through the inferior frontal cortex volume, proves the positive role of mindfulness may exist in emotion regulation.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B845

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