情绪背景与行动框架对道德判断的影响

发布时间：2018-02-28 19:44

本文关键词： 道德判断情绪背景行动框架道德两难困境　出处：《首都师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：情绪在道德判断中的作用越来越受到研究者们的重视,已有研究表明由道德情境诱发的道德情绪会影响人们对情境中特定行为的道德判断。此外,通过外部刺激引起的与道德情境没有直接关系的外源情绪,即道德判断时的情绪背景,也会对道德判断产生影响。已有研究从不同的侧面解释了这一现象。人们在评判一种行为时,常常会从采取此行为和不采取此行为两种角度进行考虑,在道德心理学的研究中,这种差别被称为道德判断的行动框架。当人们需要对道德情境中不采取某种行为做出道德判断时,不同的理论对于情绪背景在道德判断上的影响却给出了不一致的预期。本研究针对这一矛盾,通过两个子研究探讨了情绪背景与行动框架对道德判断的共同影响。研究一采用2(框架类型：主动框架、被动框架；组间因素)×2(困境类型：电车困境、人行桥困境；组内因素)混合实验设计,通过操作道德判断问题的表述方式,考察无情绪背景时,行动框架是否会对不同类型困境中的道德判断产生影响。研究二采用3(情绪背景：积极情绪、消极情绪、中性控制条件；组间因素)×2(框架类型：主动框架、被动框架；组间因素)×2(困境类型：电车困境、人行桥困境：组内因素)混合实验设计,通过视频片段诱发积极和消极两类不同的情绪,并与中性条件对照组进行比较,考察情绪背景是否会对道德判断产生影响,以及这种影响是否会随着行动框架和情绪类型的不同而变化。研究结果表明： (1)行动框架对道德判断的影响体现在对情绪背景影响的调节作用上：无情绪背景时,行动框架不影响道德判断；加入情绪背景后,不同框架下,情绪背景对道德判断会产生不同的影响。 (2)在主动框架下,情绪背景对道德评价的影响表现为积极情绪的消除作用,即与中性条件组和消极情绪组被试相比,积极情绪组被试所作出的道德判断具有更高的功利性倾向；在被动框架下,情绪背景对道德评价的影响符合情绪加工原则,即道德评价的功利性倾向在消极情绪组、中性条件组和积极情绪组间依次降低。 (3)情绪背景对行为选择的影响在不同困境和框架中存在差异：情绪背景会影响人们在主动框架下的人行桥困境中的行为选择,即人们在积极情绪下比消极情绪下更容易做出功利性选择。在被动框架和电车困境中,情绪背景对行为选择不存在影响。
[Abstract]:The role of emotion in moral judgment has been paid more and more attention to by researchers. It has been shown that moral emotion induced by moral situation can influence people's moral judgment of specific behavior in the situation. Exogenous emotions that are not directly related to the moral situation through external stimuli, that is, the emotional background of moral judgment, It can also have an impact on moral judgment. There have been studies that explain this phenomenon from different perspectives. When people judge an action, they often take it into consideration from both the point of view of taking it and not doing it, and in the study of moral psychology, This difference is called the framework of action for moral judgment. When people need to make a moral judgment about not taking a certain behavior in a moral context, Different theories have different expectations about the influence of emotional background on moral judgment. In view of this contradiction, this study discusses the influence of emotional background and action framework on moral judgment through two sub-studies. In the first study, a hybrid experimental design of 2 (frame type: active frame, passive frame; inter-group factor) 脳 2 (dilemma type: tram predicament, pedestrian bridge dilemma; intra-group factors) was used to express the moral judgment problem. If there is no emotional background, the framework of action will influence the moral judgment in different types of dilemmas. Study 2 used 3 (emotional background: positive emotion, negative emotion, neutral control condition; inter-group factors) 脳 2 (frame type: active frame, passive frame; inter-group factor) 脳 2 (dilemma type: tram predicament, The mixed experimental design was designed to induce positive and negative emotions through video clips, and compared with the neutral condition control group to investigate whether the emotional background had an impact on moral judgment. And whether this effect varies according to the framework of action and the type of emotion. The results show that:. (1) the influence of action framework on moral judgment is reflected in its regulating effect on emotional background: when there is no emotional background, the action framework does not affect moral judgment; Emotional background has different effects on moral judgment. 2) under the active frame, the influence of emotional background on moral evaluation is the elimination of positive emotion, that is, the positive emotion group has a higher utilitarian tendency to make moral judgment than that of neutral condition group and negative emotion group; Under the passive frame, the influence of emotional background on moral evaluation accords with the principle of emotional processing, that is, the utilitarian tendency of moral evaluation is reduced in turn among negative emotion group, neutral condition group and positive emotion group. (3) the influence of emotional background on behavior choice is different in different predicaments and frameworks: emotional background can influence people's behavior choice in pedestrian bridge dilemma under active frame. That is, it is easier to make utilitarian choices in positive emotions than in negative ones. In passive frame and tram dilemma, emotional background has no influence on behavior choice.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.6

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