推理任务中“心流”的影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 21:14

本文关键词： 心流影响因素实验法脑电EEG　出处：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：心流(flow)是指当个体参与一种活动并完全融入其中,专心地享受其内在的乐趣,这样高度专注于某一活动时的状态,称之为“心流状态”,而这种状态通常会给人带来愉快和充实等积极的情绪体验,由心流状态引发的积极的情绪体验,通常称之为“心流体验”,产生这种体验后,即使没有外部激励,个体也乐于重复行为来维持这种体验。国内外学者已从计算机网络应用、学习、运动、工作、艺术创作等领域对心流进行了研究。心流与学习的关系是一个相当有吸引力的研究课题,这一方面的研究常与网络学习情境相结合,一些研究者已在这一领域取得了不错的成果。研究者理论上认为心流的产生条件包括:明确的目标、及时清晰的反馈、应对挑战的适当技能,然而,鲜有研究从实证的角度对心流的产生条件极其机制进行研究。本研究将以任务复杂度、难度与技能的平衡、目标创设、反馈类型作为自变量,以心流作为因变量,探讨影响心流产生的因素。本研究分为五个部分:第一部分为文献综述,简述了心流体验的概念、发展历史、研究领域、心流的测量及其相关应用研究,以及本研究的问题提出。第二部分为心流的影响因素及心理机制。首先,进行实验材料的选择,最终选取瑞文推理测验中三种复杂度(高、中、低)的推理题目各20题。然后,探究任务复杂度和难度与技能的平衡对心流的影响,抽取193名大学生进行调查。结果显示:大学生心流体验受到任务复杂度、难度与技能的平衡的显著影响。任务复杂度、难度与技能的平衡对大学生心流的主效应显著;任务复杂度、难度与技能的平衡具有交互作用。最后,探究目标创设和反馈类型对心流的影响,运用实验法,抽取61名大学生进行2x2被试间实验。结果显示:大学生心流体验受到目标创设、反馈类型的显著影响。目标创设、反馈类型对大学生心流的主效应显著;目标创设、反馈类型具有交互作用。第三部分为任务复杂度对心流影响的神经生理机制研究,选取18名被试,记录了被试在进行三种不同复杂度推理任务时的脑电活动,采用重复测量方差分析对被试的脑电结果进行分析,结果显示:任务难度越低,心流得分越高。对于高频段的a波同步化结果,研究发现了任务复杂度的主效应不显著。研究结果中出现了脑区的边缘主效应,脑区与大脑半球之间的交互作用。低频段的a波同步化结果,研究同样发现任务复杂度的主效应不显著,脑区的主效应显著,前额叶、枕叶和顶叶的a波同步化的水平较高。任务复杂度与脑区之间的交互作用显著。对于二者之间的交互作用,进一步进行简单效应分析表明,在低复杂度任务中,前额叶的同步化水平更高。第四部分为综合讨论。就整个研究在前人研究的基础之上,结合本研究的研究结果,对大学生心流的影响因素及进行综合讨论。第五部分为结论与展望。对整个研究进行归纳总结与反思,并就将来研究发展的方向进行了展望。
[Abstract]:Flow (flow) refers to the individual participating in an activity and completely absorbed into them, enjoy the fun, so highly focused on an event state, known as the "flow", and this state will usually bring people happy and full of positive emotional experience. The flow caused by the positive emotional experience, usually referred to as the "flow", have such kind of experience, even if there is no external excitation, the individual is also willing to repeat it to maintain this experience. Scholars at home and abroad from the application of computer network, learning, sports, work, etc. were studied in the field of artistic creation the relationship between flow and flow. Learning is a very attractive research topic, the research of this aspect is often associated with the combination of network learning environment, some researchers have made great achievements in this field. Researchers believe that the flow theory Including the condition: clear objectives, clear and timely feedback, the appropriate skills to deal with the challenges, however, few studies from the perspective of empirical research on the flow conditions of the production of extremely mechanism. This study will focus on task complexity, difficulty and skill balance, goal creation, feedback types as independent variables, with the heart flow as the dependent variable, to explore the factors affecting the flow generated. This study is divided into five parts: the first part is literature review, introduces the flow experience concept, development history, research fields, measurement of flow and its application, and put forward the problems of this research. The second part is the psychological factors and mechanism effect of flow. Firstly, experimental material selection, the final selection of three kinds of Raven's progressive complexity (high, low) reasoning questions the 20 questions. Then, task complexity and difficulty and skill balance of heart The influence of flow, 193 college students were investigated. The extraction results show that college students flow experience by task complexity, difficulty and significantly affect the balance of skill. The complexity of the task, the difficulty and skill balance significantly effect on the flow of college students; task complexity, difficulty and skill balance are interactive. Finally the target, inquiry and feedback type of creating flow, through using the method of experiment, 61 college students were selected 2x2 between subjects. The results show that college students' flow experience by target creation, significantly affect the type of feedback. The target setting, feedback type significant main effect of college students flow; target setting, feedback type with the interaction. The third part is the task of complex neural physiological mechanism of flow effect, 18 subjects were selected and recorded subjects in three kinds of different complex reasoning as the living brain electrical service Still, analysis on the tested EEG results were analyzed, the results showed that the repeated measurement of variance: the difficulty of the task flow is low, the higher the score. For high frequency a wave synchronization results, the study found that the main effect of task complexity is not significant. The main effect of the research results in the edge regions of the brain and the interaction between brain and brain hemisphere. Low frequency a wave synchronization results, the study also found that the main effect of task complexity is not significant, the main effect of brain regions significantly, prefrontal cortex, occipital and parietal lobes of the a wave synchronized high level task. The complicated interaction between the degree of brain areas significant. For the interaction between the two, further simple effect analysis showed that in the low complexity task, the higher the prefrontal synchronization level. The fourth part is the comprehensive discussion. The research on the basis of previous studies, combined with the research The results of this study will give a comprehensive discussion on the influencing factors of College Students' heart flow. The fifth part is the conclusion and prospect. The whole research is summarized and reconsidered, and the future research direction is prospected.

【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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