不同奖励方式、奖励实施者对合作秩序建立的作用

发布时间：2018-03-04 22:07

本文选题：合作　切入点：互惠　出处：《浙江理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的：第一，研究精神奖励和物质奖励两种不同方式，哪一种奖励方式对人们的合作秩序建立更有效的问题；第二，研究第二方和第三方实施奖励时，哪一方的奖励对人们的合作秩序建立更有效的问题；第三，研究不同奖励方式和奖励实施者对合作秩序建立的交互作用的问题。方法：本研究采用3(物质奖励、精神奖励、同时实施物质奖励和精神奖励)×2（第二方实施者、第三方实施者）的被试间设计，共6个实验处理组。为了比较实验处理的效应，设计一个对照组，该对照组只进行标准的公共物品实验。处理组公共物品实验的基础上进行第二阶段的奖励。结果：（1）第二方实施奖励机制时的合作水平都要高于对照组且差异显著，同时实施物质奖励和精神奖励组的合作水平均显著高于精神奖励组或单独实施物质奖励组，但精神奖励组和单独实施物质奖励组的合作水平之间没有显著差异；（2）第三方实施奖励机制时的合作水平都要高于对照组，同时实施物质奖励和精神奖励组的合作水平显著高于单独实施物质奖励组，，单独实施物质奖励组的合作水平又显著高于精神奖励组；（3）分别实施奖励机制时第二方的合作水平都要显著高于第三方的合作水平；（4）第二方同时实施物质奖励和精神奖励组与单独实施物质奖励组的奖励水平之间没有显著差异，但精神奖励组的奖励水平显著低于同时实施物质奖励和精神奖励组或单独实施物质奖励组；(5)第三方同时实施物质奖励和精神奖励组的奖励水平显著高于精神奖励组，精神奖励组的奖励水平又高于显著单独实施物质奖励组；（6）单独实施物质奖励时第二方的奖励水平显著高于第三方的奖励水平，单独实施精神奖励和同时实施物质奖励和精神奖励时第三方的奖励水平显著高于第二方的奖励水平。结论：（1）因互惠而产生的合作是人类社会进化过程中的一种本质特征（2）在激励过程中，人们对物质上的激励比精神上的激励更为敏感。（3）在激励过程中，物质激励与精神激励之间具有互补性，这种互补性还具有不可替代性的特点。（4）在合作过程中，人们之间的弱互惠可能比强互惠更为普遍和有效；（5）人们的合作行为不仅是为了实现互惠，也是为了满足自身不同层次的需求。
[Abstract]:Objective: first, to study the two different ways of spiritual reward and material reward, which is more effective to establish the cooperative order of people; second, to study the second party and the third party to implement the reward. The third is to study the interaction of different reward ways and reward implementers on the establishment of cooperative order. Methods: in order to compare the effects of experimental treatment, we used 3 (material reward, spiritual reward, material reward and spiritual reward) 脳 2 (the second party implementer, the third party implementer) in 6 experimental treatment groups. A control group was designed to conduct standard public goods experiments, and the treatment group was awarded the second stage on the basis of the public goods experiment. Results the cooperation level of the second party was higher than that of the control group, and the cooperation level of the material reward group and the spiritual reward group were significantly higher than that of the spiritual reward group or the material reward group alone. However, there was no significant difference in the level of cooperation between the spirit reward group and the single material reward group. (2) the level of cooperation between the third party and the control group was higher than that in the control group. At the same time, the cooperation level of the material reward group and the spirit reward group was significantly higher than that of the material reward group alone. The cooperation level of the material reward group alone is significantly higher than that of the spirit reward group (3) the cooperation level of the second party is significantly higher than that of the third party when the reward mechanism is implemented separately. There was no significant difference in reward levels between the divine reward group and the single material reward group. However, the reward level of the spiritual reward group was significantly lower than that of the material reward and spiritual reward group or the material reward group alone) the reward level of the third party group was significantly higher than that of the spiritual reward group, and the reward level of the third party group was significantly higher than that of the spiritual reward group. The reward level of the spiritual reward group was higher than that of the material reward group (6) the reward level of the second party was significantly higher than that of the third party when the material reward group was implemented alone. The reward level of the third party is significantly higher than that of the second party when the spirit reward is implemented alone and the material reward and the spirit reward are implemented simultaneously. Conclusion (1) Cooperation due to reciprocity is an essential feature in the evolution of human society. In the process of motivation, people are more sensitive to material incentives than spiritual incentives. There is complementarity between material and spiritual incentives, which also has an irreplaceable feature. (4) in the process of cooperation, Weak reciprocity among people may be more common and effective than strong reciprocity) the cooperative behavior of people is not only to realize reciprocity, but also to meet their own needs at different levels.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B842

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