生物运动加工特性的眼动研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 03:06

本文选题：生物运动　切入点：倒置效应　出处：《苏州大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：摘要：生物运动是指生物体在空间上整体性运动，如步行、奔跑等。生物运动知觉实现了脊椎动物与所在社会群体的远距离互动，对生物运动的正确探测和识别有助于动物逃离或避免危险的情境，比如自然界中天敌或对手的靠近，同时也有助于在捕猎或寻找配偶的时候成功地获得或靠近目标。很多脊椎动物，包括人类，都拥有一个对生物运动刺激主动加工的视觉系统。生物运动刺激也可以引起观察者的反射性注意朝向，并调节观察者的注意转移，而倒置以后该效应就消失了。本研究运用眼动研究，探究该现象的发生是源于整体构型信息的破坏，还是源于局部运动信息的破坏。实验一中通过比较倒置脚光点和倒置除脚以外的光点来探究生物运动引起的反射性注意的倒置效应的关键性因素。为了更清晰地分离整体构型和局部运动，实验二通过呈现静止的光点运动序列把整体构型分离出来，通过呈现在方向识别中起关键作用的脚光点的运动把局部运动分离出来，，从而探究生物运动加工中整体构型和局部运动的相对作用。实验三中，根据自动加工的“认知负荷不敏感标准”，探究生物运动信息的加工是否会随着认知负荷的增加而受到影响，即探究生物运动是否是自动加工的。本研究得出以下结论：（1）生物运动刺激能够自动地捕获被试的注意，引发反射性注意朝向，只要保持脚光点的位置不变，倒置除脚外其他光点的光点序列，依然能够使观察者产生反射性注意朝向，而一旦倒置脚光点，该注意效应就消失了。（2）单独呈现运动的脚光点，也能够引起观察者的反射性注意朝向，而静态的光点序列的构型无法引起这一注意反应。（3）完整的光点序列和脚光点的局部运动序列的加工不受认知负荷变化的影响，无论是低认知负荷还是高认知负荷条件下，两者都可以引起观察者的反射性注意朝向反应。
[Abstract]:Abstract: biological movement refers to the whole movement of organisms in space, such as walking, running, etc. Biological movement perception realizes the long-distance interaction between vertebrates and their social groups. The correct detection and identification of biological movements helps animals escape or avoid dangerous situations, such as the proximity of natural enemies or opponents in nature, It also helps to get or get close to the target while hunting or finding a mate. Many vertebrates, including humans, Both have a visual system that actively processes biological motion stimuli. Biological motion stimuli can also cause reflexive attention orientation of the observer and regulate the observer's attention shift. The effect disappeared after inversion. In this study, eye movement research was used to explore that the phenomenon was caused by the destruction of the whole configuration information. In experiment 1, the key factors of the inverted effect of reflex attention caused by biological motion were explored by comparing the inverted foot spot with the inverted light spot except the foot. In order to make it more clear, the key factors of the inverted effect of reflex attention caused by biological motion were explored in the first experiment, which was derived from the destruction of local motion information. Separating the global configuration from the local motion, In experiment two, the whole configuration is separated by presenting a stationary sequence of light spot motion, and the local motion is separated by presenting the motion of the foot light spot which plays a key role in direction recognition. So as to explore the relative role of the whole configuration and local movement in the biological motion processing. According to the "Cognitive load insensitive Standard" of automatic processing, this paper explores whether the processing of biological movement information will be affected by the increase of cognitive load, that is to say, whether biological movement is automatic processing. This study draws the following conclusions:. 1) Biomotor stimuli can automatically capture the participants' attention and induce reflex attention orientation. As long as the position of the foot spot is kept unchanged, the sequence of points of light that are inverted except the foot can still cause the observer to produce the reflective attention orientation. The attention effect disappears once the point of light is inverted. (2) the moving foot spot alone can also induce the reflex attention orientation of the observer, but the configuration of the static sequence of light dots cannot induce this attention response. 3) the processing of the complete light spot sequence and the local motion sequence of the foot spot is not affected by the change of cognitive load, both of which can induce the reflexive attention orientation response of the observer under the condition of low cognitive load and high cognitive load.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B843

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