联想类顿悟：心—身—脑机制的联合研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 04:39

本文选题：创造性　切入点：联想类顿悟　出处：《南京师范大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：顿悟作为创造性思维的重要组成要素,对它进行研究不仅可以“促进人们对创造性思维的理解和认识”,而且还可以“澄清目前创造性思维理论中的许多含糊不清的基本问题”。以往研究主要借助各类不同任务系统探讨了顿悟的心理过程,尤其是思维定势和新颖联系形成的心理与脑机制。然而,各类认知任务往往具有明显的领域特异性,使得基于不同任务所探讨的顿悟的心理和脑机制颇有差异。研究基于系统梳理和分析,充分结合任务和心理过程的特征,主张开展顿悟分类研究,且研究主要就联想类顿悟的心理和脑机制进行了探讨。研究通过设计系列的认知行为实验和认知神经科学实验来探讨联想类顿悟背后的心理与脑机制。研究基于Mednick(1962)的联结理论编制了中文远距离联想词汇材料库,认知行为实验结果显示,中文远距离联想词汇材料库具有较好的信度,且通过包括创造性人格倾向测验和经典顿悟问题解决任务在内的各项创造性或顿悟等任务评估效标效度,显示该任务能较好表征顿悟过程,适合开展后续的联想类顿悟的心理和脑机制。第一人称情绪自我报告和迫选实验以及第三人称维度分析的系列行为研究显示,中文远距离联想言语问题可聚类为有顿悟问题和无顿悟问题,被试解决中文远距离问题过程中产生了动态变化的情绪效应。不同阶段产生了不同的情绪效应。被试遭遇思维僵局时,被试产生了显著的负性情绪;被试获得问题答案时,产生显著伴随答案获得的正性情绪。被试有关解题过程情绪主观报告和选择实验显示,被试获得答案所伴随的啊哈体验主要是开心、轻松和确信三类典型情绪体验。研究运用中文远距离联想问题题面和题解在内的多种启动线索就不同解题阶段所产生的大脑两半球的相互作用机制进行了探讨。研究显示,在不同阶段产生了不同的大脑互动模式,并非单一的某个半球优势占主导。联想类顿悟的ERPs研究进一步支持脑活动机制系列认知行为实验的结果,并显示在被试首次尝试解题后的600～800ms和1000～1200ms时窗内,有顿悟问题较无顿悟问题产生了显著更负的脑电效应;被试在再次尝试解题后的800～1000ms时窗内于大脑两半球产生了不同的脑电效应:无顿悟问题较有顿悟问题于左半球产生了显著更负的脑电效应,而无顿悟问题较之有顿悟问题的解题过程产生更正的脑电效应。上述结果表明,首次解题后600～800ms和1000～1200ms的脑电效应可能主要与问题求解的认知控制和思维僵局的产生显著关联,二次解题后大脑两半球协同有异的脑电效应可能主要与新异联系形成有关。联想类顿悟的功能成像研究则显示,被试主观体验到的有顿悟问题较之无顿悟问题显著激活了大脑的左半球扣带前回和右半球的扣带前回、额中回、额下回、楔前叶、颞中回、中央后回和顶下小叶等脑区。外周神经机制实验结果显示,内心所感触的联想类顿悟可以通过外周体表的皮肤电变化来标记。总之,上述系列实验系统揭示,中文远距离联想问题解决促发的联想类顿悟过程,是基于语义激活扩散机制,并通过大脑两半球的动态协同和相互作用而实现的以认知和情感整合为核心特征的心-身-脑三元交互活动。
[Abstract]:"As an important element of creative thinking, to study it can not only promote the understanding of" people of creative thinking, but also "to clarify the basic problem of many theoretical ambiguity in creative thinking at present. Previous studies mainly through all the different tasks of the system to explore the psychological process of insight, especially the psychological thinking and contact with the formation of novel brain mechanisms. However, various cognitive tasks often have a field of obvious specificity, which is based on different tasks to explore the psychological insight and brain mechanisms are quite different. The research system combing and analysis based on combining features of task and mental process, the advocate of classification of insight, and research the main types of Lenovo insight psychology and brain mechanisms are discussed. Through the study of cognitive behavioral and cognitive experimental design series by God Scientific experiments to explore the psychology behind Lenovo class insight and brain mechanisms. Based on the Mednick (1962) of the connectionist theory developed Chinese Remote Association vocabulary library materials, cognitive behavioral experiments show that Chinese Remote Association material library has good reliability, and through creative personality test and classical insight problem solving task, the creative insight or tasks such as evaluation criterion validity showed that the task can characterize the process of insight, suitable for the Lenovo class insight psychology and brain mechanism. The first person emotional self reporting and forced choice experiment and third person behavior dimension analysis shows that Chinese Remote Association speech problems could be clustered into insight no problem and insight problem, emotion effect dynamic changes to solve the Chinese distance problem in the process of different phases. Have different emotional effect. The subjects suffered thinking deadlock when subjects have significant negative emotion; the subjects get answers to questions, with significant positive emotion answer. The subjects showed that the problem-solving process of emotional subjective reports and selection experiments, participants get the answer with the AHA experience is happy, relaxed and confident three typical emotional experience. Research by using the interaction mechanism of various Chinese problems and solutions of Remote Association, start clues were produced in different stages of solving the two cerebral hemispheres were discussed. Research shows that the interaction model of the brain at different stage, not a single one a dominant hemisphere dominant. ERPs of Lenovo class insight to further support the mechanism of brain activity series cognitive behavioral experiments, subjects and displayed on the first attempt after solving problems 600~800 MS and 1000 ~ 1200ms in the window, there is no problem of insight insight problem produced EEG effects significantly more negative subjects; try again after solving problems in 800 ~ 1000ms in the window on the two cerebral hemispheres have different effects of EEG: no more insight insight problems in EEG effects left hemisphere produced significantly more negative, the problem solving process without insight problems compared with insight problems EEG effect correction. The results showed that for the first time after solving 600 ~ 800ms and 1000 ~ EEG effects of 1200ms cognitive control and the main problems and solving thinking deadlock has significant correlation, two after solving the two cerebral hemispheres have synergistic brain effect difference might relate to new associations formed. Functional imaging study of Lenovo class insight showed by subjective experience to have insight problems compared with no significant activation of the brain's insight problem The left hemisphere anterior cingulate gyrus and right hemisphere anterior cingulate gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, precuneus, middle temporal gyrus, postcentral gyrus and inferior parietal lobe and other brain regions. Peripheral neural mechanisms of experimental results show that the inner feelings of Lenovo class insight can through peripheral surface skin changes to mark. In a word, reveal the series of experimental system, solve the problem of long distance Chinese Lenovo Lenovo class to promote the process of insight, is based on the diffusion mechanism of semantic activation, and the dynamic of the two hemispheres and collaborative interaction based on the cognitive and emotional integration as the core features of the mind body interaction brain three Yuan activity.

【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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