错误记忆的自我参照效应及其机制

发布时间：2018-03-13 14:50

本文选题：错误记忆　切入点：自我参照效应　出处：《复旦大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当错误的记忆作为证词时可能导致无辜的人入狱,可以说错误记忆对人们的生活有着重要影响。自1995年Roediger和McDermott创立实验室条件下研究错误记忆的范式以来,大量研究聚焦于错误记忆的产生机制。回顾错误记忆的研究可以发现,错误记忆和正确记忆在某些条件下可以发生共变。例如,操纵加工水平可以观察到,加工水平越深,被试正确记住的材料越多,但同时产生的虚假记忆或错误记忆也越多。自传体记忆超强的个体在错误信息诱导范式下有着高正确再认率的同时也有着高错误再认率。错误记忆与正确记忆在某些条件下的共变预示着二者享有至少部分相同的机制。人们往往对那些与自我相关的信息记得更牢,这种记忆的自我参照效应已得到很多研究的证实。但是,自我对记忆的影响是否仅仅表现为促进作用呢?如前所述,错误记忆和正确记忆在某些条件下存在共变：自我参照通过促进精细化加工和组织化加工提升正确记忆,而后者同样也会引发强大的错误记忆效应。目前还未有研究考察过自我参照加工对错误记忆的影响,本研究通过两个实验回答下面两个问题：错误记忆中是否也存在自我参照效应?若自我参照效应在错误记忆中亦存在,其具体的作用机制又是怎样的?实验一采用DRM范式,设置三种参照对象条件(自我参照、他人参照和中性参照),探讨DRM词表组块呈现或随机呈现条件下自我对错误记忆的可能影响。结果发现：(1)与正确记忆一样,错误记忆中亦存在自我参照效应；(2)无论是正确记忆还是错误记忆,自我参照条件下的回忆成分均显著多于他人参照和中性参照,但熟悉性成分在三种不同参照对象条件下没有显著差异；(3)当词表中学习项目由分组呈现变为随机呈现时,错误记忆的自我参照效应明显下降,但仍稳定存在。实验二采用类别词表错误记忆范式,进一步研究错误记忆的自我参照效应的机制。在进行实验二之前,通过发放77份问卷修订和编制了中文的类别词表和非类别词表。实验二操纵了加工任务(组织化加工、精细化加工和自我参照加工)和词表类型(高关联性词表和低关联性词表),考察错误记忆的自我参照效应中究竟是精细化加工还是组织化加工在起作用。结果发现,错误记忆的自我参照效应机制中既包含了组织化加工机制,又包含了精细化加工机制。其中,组织化加工能够提升错误记忆,精细化加工机制对错误记忆起抑制作用。实验一和实验二的结果共同说明,错误记忆与正确记忆在自我参照加工的条件下产生了共变,支持了错误记忆和正确记忆同源的假设。本研究为记忆的适应性建构观点提供了新的证据。
[Abstract]:False memories can lead to the imprisonment of innocent people when they are used as testimony, and it can be said that false memories have an important impact on people's lives. Since Roediger and McDermott founded the paradigm of studying false memory in laboratory conditions in 1995, A great deal of research has focused on the generation mechanism of false memory. Reviewing the study of false memory, we can find that false memory and correct memory can change together under certain conditions. For example, manipulating processing level can be observed, the deeper the processing level, the deeper the processing level. The more materials the subjects remember correctly, But the more false memory or false memory is produced at the same time, the more individuals with super autobiographical memory have high recognition rate and high false recognition rate under the error information induction paradigm. Covariance under certain conditions indicates that both have at least some of the same mechanisms. People tend to remember more about self-related information. This self-referential effect of memory has been confirmed by many studies. But is the self-influence on memory merely a stimulative effect? As mentioned earlier, false memory and correct memory are covariant under certain conditions: Self-referencing promotes correct memory by promoting refinement and organization. But the latter can also trigger a powerful false memory effect. No research has yet been done to examine the effects of self-referencing on false memory. This study answers the following two questions through two experiments: is there a self-referential effect in false memory? If the self-reference effect also exists in the false memory, what is its specific mechanism? Experiment 1 uses DRM paradigm to set up three kinds of reference object conditions (self-referencing, self-referencing, self-referencing, self-referencing). The possible effects of self on false memory under the condition of DRM lexicon block presentation or random presentation were studied by other reference and neutral reference. It was found that: 1) is the same as correct memory. There is also a self-referential effect in false memory. (2) No matter whether it is correct memory or false memory, the recall component under self-reference condition is significantly higher than that of other reference and neutral reference. However, there was no significant difference in familiarity components under three different reference object conditions. (3) the self-referential effect of false memory decreased significantly when the learning items in the lexicon changed from group presentation to random presentation. However, the mechanism of self-referential effect of false memory was further studied in experiment 2, which was based on the paradigm of category vocabulary error memory. Before experiment 2, the mechanism of self-referential effect of false memory was further studied. Through the distribution of 77 questionnaires, the Chinese category vocabulary and non-category lexicon were revised and compiled. Experiment 2 manipulated the processing task (organizational processing, Fine processing and self-referencing processing) and word table types (high-relevance and low-relevance lexicon), to investigate whether the self-referencing effect of false memory plays a role in fine processing or organizational processing. The self-referential mechanism of false memory includes not only the mechanism of organization processing, but also the mechanism of fine processing. The results of experiments 1 and 2 show that false memory and correct memory are co-changed under the condition of self-reference processing. It supports the hypothesis of false memory and correct memory homology.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.3

【相似文献】