儿童青少年人格发展核心变量研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 19:36

本文选题：人格发展　切入点：儿童　出处：《华中师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：儿童青少年人格发展的特点、规律和影响因素的研究对于推进我国儿童青少年教育有重大意义,是心理学、教育学和社会科学等众多学科的重要研究领域,鉴于国内对于儿童青少年人格发展研究较为零散、缺乏系统性的现状,我国有必要构建儿童青少年人格发展基础性数据库,从而为系统研究提供平台。建立儿童青少年人格发展数据库需要构建儿童青少年人格发展的核心变量指标体系,明晰儿童青少年阶段最值得我们关注和研究的是哪些人格变量。为后续的人格测量工具的选取以及数据库的体系架构的构建奠定基础。本研究从17个中文心理专业期刊杂志和27个有代表性的英文期刊杂志的文献中整理出了102个与儿童青少年人格发展相关的变量,请30位发展心理学专家对这102个变量代表人格的程度和表现明显的学龄阶段做了评定,评定所用问卷为自编的儿童青少年人格变量评定表。此外,还对133名湖北省内的中小学教师和121名中小学学生的家长进行了访谈,访谈所用问卷为自编的人格发展教师访谈问卷和人格发展家长访谈问卷。本研究中所用的统计方法是变量频次排序。研究的主要结论如下： (1)中西方在人格发展领域一致的研究热点有：自尊、自我效能感、抑郁、气质、完美主义、应对方式和攻击性等。在不一致的方面,中国研究者还比较关注孤独感、感恩、亲子依恋等。而西方研究者更关注依恋风格、自恋、焦虑、自我概念、自我控制等。 (2)在整个儿童青少年人格发展阶段中都表现明显的人格变量有：神经质、冲动性、羞怯、亲社会倾向和外向性。只在幼儿阶段表现明显的人格变量有：气质性恐惧；只在小学阶段表现明显的人格变量有：积极情绪性、亲切感等；只在初中阶段表现明显的人格变量有：人际交往、普遍后悔倾向、消极情感等；只在高中阶段表现明显的人格变量有：评价风格、幽默、乐观、悲观解释风格等。 (3)访谈结果表明,家长和教师最关心的儿童青少年人格特质有：自主性、尽责性、自尊、乐观、自强、特质感恩、自立、创造性、外向性、共情、心理弹性。 (4)访谈结果表明,家长和教师关心的,而且对儿童青少年人格发展有重要影响的品质有：独立、开朗、善良、勇敢、自信、正直、有爱心、人际交往、上进心、成就、孝顺、学习态度、道德修养。 (5)综合三个研究的数据得到专家和教师、家长达成一致的在儿童青少年阶段表现明显的核心人格变量有：外向性、自主性、尽责性、自尊、乐观、自强、特质感恩、自立、创造性、共情、心理弹性。
[Abstract]:The study of the characteristics, rules and influencing factors of the personality development of children and adolescents is of great significance to promote the education of children and adolescents in our country. It is an important research field of psychology, pedagogy and social sciences, etc. In view of the scattered research on the personality development of children and adolescents in China and the lack of systematic status quo, it is necessary to construct a basic database for the development of personality of children and adolescents in China. In order to provide a platform for systematic research, it is necessary to build a core variable index system for the development of children's and adolescents' personality in order to establish a database of children's and adolescents' personality development. To make clear which personality variables are most worthy of our attention and study in the stage of children and adolescents, and to lay the foundation for the selection of personality measurement tools and the construction of database architecture. In this study, 102 variables related to the personality development of children and adolescents were collected from 17 journals of Chinese psychological specialty and 27 representative journals of English. Thirty experts in developmental psychology were asked to assess the degree of personality and the school age in which the 102 variables represent personality, and the questionnaire was used to evaluate the personality variables of children and adolescents. In addition, Interviews were also conducted with 133 primary and secondary school teachers and 121 parents of primary and secondary school students in Hubei Province. The questionnaire used in the interview is a self-designed personality development teacher interview questionnaire and a personality development parent interview questionnaire. The statistical method used in this study is variable frequency ranking. The main conclusions of the study are as follows:. In the field of personality development, Chinese and Western researchers have focused on self-esteem, self-efficacy, depression, temperament, perfectionism, coping style and aggression. Western researchers pay more attention to attachment style, narcissism, anxiety, self concept, self control and so on. (2) there are obvious personality variables in the whole stage of children and adolescents' personality development: neuroticism, impulsiveness, shyness, prosocial tendency and extroversion. Only in the primary school stage the obvious personality variables are: positive emotion, affinity and so on; only in the junior high school stage the obvious personality variables are: interpersonal communication, general regret tendency, negative emotion and so on; Only in high school the obvious personality variables are: evaluation style, humor, optimism, pessimistic explanatory style and so on. 3) the interview results showed that parents and teachers were most concerned about the personality traits of children and adolescents: autonomy, due diligence, self-esteem, optimism, self-improvement, trait gratitude, self-reliance, creativity, extroversion, empathy and resilience. The results of the interview show that parents and teachers care about and have an important impact on the personality development of children and adolescents: independence, openness, kindness, bravery, self-confidence, integrity, love, interpersonal interaction, ambition, achievement, filial piety, etc. Study attitude, moral accomplishment. 5) synthesizing the data from the three studies, experts and teachers obtained the core personality variables that parents agreed to show clearly in the childhood and adolescence: extroversion, autonomy, due diligence, self-esteem, optimism, self-improvement, trait gratitude, self-reliance. Creativity, empathy, resilience.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B848

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