不同动机趋近积极情绪对工作记忆的影响

发布时间：2018-03-15 20:04

本文选题：动机趋近　切入点：积极情绪　出处：《华东师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近二十年以来,心理学领域的研究者对于积极情绪如何影响认知这一课题倾注了大量的研究热情。大量研究验证了积极情绪状态对认知的影响,研究表明积极情绪对于注意范围、记忆和认知分类等各项认知活动具有促进作用(Fredrickson,2001)。但是Gable和Harmon-Jones(2010a)提出情绪的动机趋近维度模型,这一理论模型认为情绪除了唤醒度和愉悦度之外,还有动机趋近维度这一重要的维度,并进一步提出积极情绪并不是只有一种认知影响的单一结构,积极情绪的动机趋近强度不同,积极情绪对于认知的影响就会不同。根据这一模型,只有低动机趋近积极情绪可以扩展认知过程,而高动机趋近积极情绪则会窄化认知过程。与这一理论模型的观点相一致,已有研究者考察了不同动机趋近积极情绪对于注意范围(GableHarmon-Jones,2008)、认知分类(PriceHarmon-Jones,2010)以及认知控制(刘亚,2012)等均有不同的影响。本研究的创新之处就在于在动机趋近维度层面考察了积极情绪对于言语和空间工作记忆的影响。本研究中实验一,采用3(情绪条件：中性情绪、高趋近积极情绪、低趋近积极情绪)×2(任务负荷：高、低)被试内实验设计,即情绪条件和任务负荷均为被试内实验变量,51名大学生参与了本次实验,考察了不同动机趋近积极情绪对于言语工作记忆的影响。实验一的研究结果表明在言语工作记忆的延迟匹配任务中,低动机趋近积极情绪状态下被试的正确率提高；而高动机趋近积极情绪状态下,被试的反应时加快,但正确率降低。本研究中实验二,采用3(情绪条件：中性、高趋近积极情绪、低趋近积极情绪)×2(任务负荷：高、低)被试内实验设计,即情绪条件和任务负荷均为被试内实验变量,52名大学生参与了本次实验,考察了考察了不同动机趋近积极情绪对于空间工作记忆的影响。实验二的研究结果表明在空间工作记忆的延迟匹配任务中,高、低动机趋近积极情绪状态下,被试的反应时都变慢,正确率也都降低。以上的实验研究表明积极情绪的动机趋近维度不同,其对于认知的扩展或者窄化的作用也不同,这一理论不仅适用于注意等基础的认知过程,同样也适用于工作记忆这一高级的认知过程。从一定程度上讲,本研究的实验结果为Gable和Harmon-Jones(2010a)动机维度模型提供了工作记忆这一非常重要和关键的认知领域的证据,在一定程度上延伸了动机维度模型理论。
[Abstract]:Over the past two decades, researchers in the field of psychology have devoted a great deal of enthusiasm to the study of how positive emotions affect cognition. A large number of studies have verified the effects of positive emotional states on cognition. The study shows that positive emotion can promote cognitive activities such as attention range, memory and cognitive classification. However, Gable and Harmon-Jones-2010a) put forward a model of motivation approach to emotion, which suggests that emotion is in addition to arousal and pleasure. There is also an important dimension of motivation approaching dimension, and it is further pointed out that positive emotion is not only a single structure of cognitive influence, but the intensity of positive emotion approach is different. According to this model, only low motivational approaches to positive emotions can expand the cognitive process, while high motivational approaches to positive emotions narrow the cognitive process. Researchers have examined the different effects of different motivational approaches to positive emotions on the range of attention: GableHarmon-Jones2008, cognitive classification PriceHarmon-Jones-2010) and cognitive control (Liu Ya / 2012). The innovation of this study lies in the study of motivation approaching dimension. The effects of positive emotions on speech and spatial working memory were observed. In the first experiment, 3 (emotional condition: neutral emotion, high approaching positive emotion, low approaching positive emotion) 脳 2 (task load: high, low) were used. That is to say, the emotional condition and task load were the variables of 51 college students participating in the experiment. The effects of different motivational approaches to positive emotions on verbal working memory were investigated. The results of experiment 1 showed that the correct rate of subjects with low motivation approaching to positive emotion increased in the delayed matching task of verbal working memory. However, in the state of high motivation towards positive emotion, the reaction time was quickened, but the correct rate was decreased. In the second experiment, 3 (emotional condition: neutral, high approaching positive emotion, low approaching positive emotion) 脳 2 (task load: high, low) were used. That is to say, 52 college students participated in the experiment with emotional condition and task load. The effects of different motivational approaches to positive emotions on spatial working memory were investigated. The results of experiment two showed that in the delayed matching task of spatial working memory, the high and low motivation approaches to positive emotion. The reaction time was slower and the correct rate was lower. The above experimental studies show that the motivation of positive emotion approaches to different dimensions, its role in cognitive expansion or narrowing is different, this theory not only applies to the attention and other basic cognitive processes, It also applies to the advanced cognitive process of working memory. To some extent, the results of this study provide evidence for the Gable and Harmon-Jones-2010a motivation dimension model, which is a very important and critical cognitive field of working memory. To some extent, it extends the theory of motivation dimension model.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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