心理疲劳对选择性注意影响的ERP研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 23:11

本文选题：心理疲劳　切入点：选择性注意　出处：《西安体育学院》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在人们经历一段长时间的需要大脑认知参与的活动后,往往会感觉到心理或认知上的疲惫,从而行为表现水平下降,并且坚持完成正在着手处理的工作的动机减弱。在产生心理疲劳后,往往伴随着更多的工作错误。心理疲劳对日常工作生活的影响经常发生在无形之中。国内的心理疲劳研究起步较晚,早期关于心理疲劳的研究较少,起初多是一些关于国外心理疲劳研究状况的总结和分析。在90年代以后心理疲劳的研究才逐步受到重视。随着认知神经科学和生理心理学的发展和心理疲劳研究的逐步深入,更多的生理指标也用来检测心理疲劳的程度,包括：心率(HR)、心率变异性(HRV)、脑电图(EEG)、事件相关电位(ERP)、呼吸率(RR)、眨眼、瞳孔直径、肌电、皮肤电阻、体温等。选择性注意是目前现代认知心理学和认知神经科学研究最充分的领域之一,有关选择性注意抑制能力的研究始终处于认知心理学研究的活跃地位,常见的注意抑制的研究范式主要包括运动反应抑制和干扰控制。 ERP是反映信息加工活动的敏感而有意义的指标,在认知心理学领域和临床都得到了广泛的应用。ERP反映了认知过程中大脑的神经电生理的变化,也就是指当人们对某刺激进行认知加工时,从头颅表面记录到的脑电位,ERP是基于脑电提取的。随着计算机技术的进步,事件相关电位的应用也越来越广泛,尤其是在与认知相关的脑研究中,ERP和核磁共振成像(FMRI)技术发挥着日益重要的作用。那么,心理疲劳对选择性注意影响的特点如何?已有研究表明了选择性注意的促进和抑制加工的神经机制不同,那么心理疲劳对这两种加工机制的影响是否一致?另外,心理疲劳对选择性注意抑制能力的影响是由特定的抑制本身决定,还是具有普遍性,需要进一步的研究证明。在以上的基础上,本研究提出以下假设： 1、长时间的选择性注意任务,能够诱发出被试的心理疲劳,从而导致被试的抵触情绪增强,不愿继续进行实验的水平升高。2、心理疲劳对选择性注意的行为反应表现造成影响,被试发生反应时间延长,反应正确率下降等。3、心理疲劳会对选择性注意的早期成分造成影响,随着任务时间的增长,心理疲劳的产生,会使P1、N1的振幅和波形会发生一定程度的变化。4、P300是心理疲劳产生的关键性指标,在疲劳产生前后,选择性注意任务的P300振幅会发生显著变化。为评估心理疲劳对选择性注意的影响,本研究通过实验法在实验室环境下呈现1.5小时的选择性注意任务,诱发心理疲劳。记录被试的主观疲劳程度,反应指标和事件相关电位(ERP)经过统计分析得到以下结论： 1、被试疲劳等级随任务持续时间增长,可以认为约1.5小时的认知任务成功的诱发出了心理疲劳。 2、反应时间延长,反应正确率下降,表明疲劳被试的完成效率下降。 3、P1的振幅在持续任务中的变化并未达到统计学的标准,N1的振幅随持续任务显著下降,但是不受刺激类型的影响。 4、P300的振幅在持续任务中下降。在没有诱发疲劳前兼容和不兼容刺激的振幅没有显著差异,随着任务持续进行,不兼容刺激的P300振幅下降速度慢于兼容刺激,这可能和伴随任务持续时间的工作记忆能力的下降有关。
[Abstract]:People in a long time to cognitive activities, often feel psychological or cognitive fatigue, and behavior level, and adhere to the completion of the work is in the hands of the motivation. In psychological fatigue, often accompanied by more error. Effect of mental fatigue on the daily work life often happens in the invisible.
The domestic research started late early research on mental fatigue, mental fatigue is much less, at first about the study on the status quo of psychological fatigue abroad summarized and analyzed. On the 90s after mental fatigue was gradually taken seriously. With the development of cognitive neuroscience and mental fatigue and physiological psychology gradually thorough, physiological index more to detect mental fatigue degree, including heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), electroencephalogram (EEG), event-related potential (ERP), respiratory rate (RR), the blink of an eye, pupil diameter, EMG, skin resistance, temperature and so on.
Selective attention is currently one of the fields of modern cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience research most fully, the selective attention in the field of cognitive psychology active status has research on inhibition ability, common attention inhibition paradigm mainly includes motor response suppression and interference control.
ERP is a reflection of the information processing of the sensitive and meaningful indicator in the field of cognitive psychology and clinical application of.ERP have been widely reflects the change of electrophysiological brain cognitive process, is that when people are in a cognitive stimulation, brain potentials recorded from the surface of the skull, ERP based on EEG extraction. With the development of computer technology, the application of event related potentials are more and more widely, especially in the study of brain and cognition related, ERP and magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) technology plays an increasingly important role.
So, how to influence the mental fatigue on selective attention characteristics? Studies have shown that the selective attention for the promotion and inhibition processing of different neural mechanisms, then the effect of mental fatigue on the two kinds of processing mechanism are consistent? In addition, pay attention to the impact of mental fatigue on selective suppression is determined by the specific inhibition of itself, or is generally, further research is needed to prove.
On the basis of the above, this study proposes the following hypotheses:
1 long time, selective attention tasks, can induce mental fatigue of subjects, resulting in subjects resistance enhancement, elevated levels of.2 to continue the experiments, mental fatigue impact on the behavior of selective attention, the subjects reaction time prolonged, the correct response rate decreased.3, mental fatigue impact on the early component of selective attention, with the task of increasing time of mental fatigue, will make P1, changes of.4 amplitude and waveform of N1 will happen to a certain extent, P300 is a key index of mental fatigue, and fatigue in P300, the amplitude of the selective attention task will be significantly changed.
In order to evaluate the mental fatigue effect on selective attention, this study through the experiment in the laboratory environment has 1.5 hours of selective attention task, induced psychological fatigue. Subjects were recorded the subjective fatigue degree, reaction index and event-related potentials (ERP) after statistical analysis the following conclusions:
1, the fatigue level of the subjects increased with the duration of the task, and it was considered that the cognitive task of about 1.5 hours had induced psychological fatigue.
2, the reaction time was prolonged and the correct rate of the reaction decreased, indicating that the completion efficiency of the fatigue test was decreased.
3, the amplitude of P1's amplitude in the continuous task did not reach the standard of statistics, and the amplitude of N1 decreased significantly with the continuous task, but was not affected by the type of stimulation.
4, the amplitude of P300 decreased in the last task. In the absence of induced fatigue before there is no significant difference between compatible and amplitude incompatible stimuli, as the task continues, is not compatible with the amplitude of P300 stimulation decreased more slowly than compatible stimulation, this may be related to decreased with the duration of the task of working memory capacity.

【学位授予单位】：西安体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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