不同家庭社会经济地位儿童数学认知的ERPs研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 03:02

  本文选题：低社会经济地位　切入点：数学认知　出处：《宁夏大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：个体在童年,尤其是童年早期时的心理发展(主要包括认知、情绪与人格发展)受制于环境的影响更大,家庭环境作为儿童最早接触的“社会”对儿童的发展起着至关重要的作用。一系列有关儿童数感发展的行为学研究表明,低社会经济地位儿童的数感发展明显落后,他们在数数、数字关系和数字操作能力上的发展均出现延迟(Jordan, Kaplan, Ramineni,Locuniak,2008)。有关儿童一般认知功能的研究还发现,低家庭社会经济地位的儿童在认知加工早期阶段的注意功能存在异常,并且这些儿童在左外侧裂周区/语言系统、前额/执行系统以及颞中区/记忆系统等诸多神经认知系统方面存在功能性损害(Noble et al.,2005; Noble et al.,2007; Faraha et al.,2006)。但以往研究还没有直接探查家庭社会经济地位对儿童数学认知神经机制的影响。为此,本研究采用事件相关电位技术,比较不同家庭社会经济地位儿童在执行符号数量比较任务以及简单加法心算任务时表现在脑电活动上的差异,从神经机制的角度,就家庭社会经济地位对儿童数学认知的影响进行深入探究。 本研究包括两个实验：实验一以32名中-高和低家庭社会经济地位的小学2年级儿童(每组各16人)为被试,采用以阿拉伯数字为刺激内容的符号数量比较任务,考查两类儿童在进行符号数量表征时大脑电位活动的差异；实验二另选2组不同家庭社会经济地位的2年级儿童(每组各14人),采用需要对答案进行正误判断的简单加法心算任务,考查两类儿童在简单加法心算过程中(数量转换与操作)以及在答案判断过程(算术事实检索)中脑电活动的差异。通过对研究结果的分析与讨论,本研究得出以下结论： (1)数量比较过程中,在反映对刺激信息进行有意注意的认知加工早期阶段(100-140ms),相比中-高社会经济地位儿童,低社会经济地位儿童额区与中央区的ERPs负波波幅更大,表明其前额皮质对呈现的数字刺激的自上而下的控制调节能力可能不足,抑制无关刺激干扰的能力较弱； (2)数量比较过程中,从刺激呈现后的200ms开始(200-250ms,250-300ms),相比中-高社会经济地位的同龄儿童,低社会经济地位儿童前部和后部脑区的ERPs正波波幅更小,反映出这些儿童在对抽象的阿拉伯数字的早期语义加工上可能存在不足； (3)加法心算过程中,低社会经济地位儿童在问题呈现后的550-650ms出现反转的问题大小效应,而在720-820ms存在问题大小效应的缺失；仅在晚期正慢电位的最晚时窗(820～1000ms)他们才表现出了与中-高社会经济地位儿童相同的问题大小效应,这些结果说明低社会经济地位儿童在工作记忆中对不同难度的数量进行转换与操作时,心理资源的分配能力以及对资源的协调加工能力存在不足； (4)答案判断过程中,与中.高社会经济地位儿童一样,低社会经济地位儿童在答案呈现后280～420ms和500～700ms表现出算术不一致效应,说明低社会经济地位儿童在算术事实检索过程中的激活扩散以及晚期对算术答案输出时的控制加工能力与中-高社会经济地位儿童相当。
[Abstract]:The individual in childhood, especially early childhood psychological development (including cognition, emotion and personality development) affected by environment more, family environment as a child's first contact with the "social" plays an important role in the development of children. The results show that the development of a sense of a series of children's number behavior low socioeconomic status, children's number sense development lagged behind, they are counting, development of digital and digital operation ability were delayed (Jordan, Kaplan, Ramineni, Locuniak, 2008). The general research on children's cognitive function also found abnormal function of attention in the early stage of cognitive processing of low family society the economic status of children, and these children split the language system / week in the left lateral, forehead and temporal / central executive system / memory system and many other aspects of functional damage neurocognitive system (Noble et al. Noble et, 2005; al., 2007; Faraha et al., 2006). But previous studies have not affected the socio-economic status of the family directly detecting the neural mechanism of mathematics cognition in children. Therefore, this study used event-related potential technology, comparison of different family social economic status differences in children's brain electrical activity on the implementation of the number of symbol comparison tasks and simple addition calculation task, from the perspective of neural mechanisms, effects of socioeconomic status on children's mathematical cognitive exploration.
This study includes two experiments: 32 middle - high and low family socioeconomic status of the primary school grade 2 children (n = 16) were tested by the number in Arabia to stimulate the content of digital symbol comparison task, to examine the differences in the two kinds of children brain electrical activity when the number of symbol representation experiment two; another 2 groups of different social economic status of the family of 2 grade children (n = 14), the need for the simple addition of the true or false mental arithmetic task of the answers, to examine the two types of children in simple addition in the process of calculation (the number of conversion and operation) and judgment in the answer (arithmetic fact retrieval) differences in EEG activities. Through the analysis and discussion of the research results and conclusions of this study are as follows:
(1) the number of the comparison process, to reflect the intention to pay attention to the early stage of cognitive processing of stimulus information (100-140ms), higher socioeconomic status than children - children of low socioeconomic status and the central area of the frontal region of negative ERPs wave amplitude is bigger, indicating a possible lack of ability to regulate and control of the digital stimulus from top to bottom the prefrontal cortex, inhibition of irrelevant stimulus interference ability is weak;
(2) the number of the comparison process, from the beginning of stimulus presentation after 200ms (200-250ms, 250-300ms), high socioeconomic status compared to - age children, children of lower social and economic status of anterior and posterior brain regions ERPs positive wave amplitude was smaller, reflect these deficiencies in children of Arabia digital early abstract semantics the processing may be;
(3)鍔犳硶蹇冪畻杩囩▼涓，

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