“东学西渐”视角下的超个人心理学人性论探析

发布时间：2018-03-21 17:36

本文选题：东学西渐　切入点：超个人心理学　出处：《东岳论丛》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在西方传统心理学中,人性问题被仅仅看作是哲学问题而基本上被排除在研究范围之外:行为主义以动物性否定人性的存在;精神分析以生物(本能)取代人性的存在。然而,吸收中国道学乃至东方思想体系并倡导向母体——哲学——复归的人本主义心理学却改变了传统心理学的这一偏见,而将人的价值、意义等问题纳入心理学研究范畴,并以“人的内在本质”肯定人性的存在;而以人本主义心理学为基础发展出来的超个人心理学进一步深入融合东方哲学思想体系并重新攀登了人性能达的境地,不仅充分肯定人性的存在,并在人本主义心理学基础上认为人性的核心是“自我超越”,同时以“精神性”重新定义人性,提出“超理性的本质”,这既是对人性非理性层面地位的提升,又是对人性丰富内涵的深层揭示。可以说,无论是西方的人本主义心理学还是超个人心理学,其人性思想的提出和建构都离不开中国道家哲学以及包括印度在内的东方文化体系对其的贡献。以马斯洛为代表的一大批西方心理学家吸收东方智慧,不仅引发了心理学领域的革新,同时也是由西方人吹响向东方学习的号角。
[Abstract]:In western traditional psychology, the question of human nature is regarded only as a philosophical problem and is basically excluded from the scope of study: behaviorism negates the existence of human nature with animal nature, and psychoanalysis replaces the existence of human nature with biology (instinct). The humanistic psychology, which absorbs Chinese Taoism and even the oriental thought system and advocates the return of mother-philosophy, has changed the prejudice of traditional psychology, and brought the problems of human value and meaning into the category of psychological research. And affirm the existence of human nature by "the intrinsic essence of human beings", while the superpersonal psychology, which is developed on the basis of humanism psychology, further integrates the oriental philosophical thought system and climbs the realm of human nature. It not only fully affirms the existence of human nature, but also considers that the core of human nature is "self-transcendence" on the basis of humanism psychology, and redefines human nature by "spirituality" at the same time. "the essence of superrationality" is not only the promotion of the irrational level of human nature, but also the deep revelation of the rich connotation of human nature. The proposition and construction of his human nature are inseparable from the contributions of Chinese Taoist philosophy and the oriental cultural system including India. A large number of western psychologists represented by Maslow absorb the wisdom of the East. Not only has it triggered a revolution in the field of psychology, but it has also sounded the trumpet of learning to the east by westerners.
【作者单位】：湖南第一师范学院马克思主义学院;
【分类号】：B25

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