本质特征在生物类别归类中的作用

发布时间：2018-03-23 17:10

本文选题：归类　切入点：因果知识　出处：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究欲探讨本质特征在归类中的作用及特征间因果关系对本质特征作用的调节作用。实验1比较被试对包含本质特征和非本质特征的动物个体的归类判断结果,探讨不同类别特征在归类中的作用；实验2比较被试的本质特征判断和归类充分性、必要性判断结果,更全面深入地探讨本质特征和非本质特征在归类中作用大小差异；实验3针对前两个实验的不足比较有无特征间因果关系提示条件下被试的归类结果,探讨特征间因果关系对本质特征作用的影响和调节。实验结果发现：第一,和非本质特征相比,家族来源、内部结构和基因系统特征的本质特征判断和归类充分性、必要性判断得分高,在归类中作用大；第二,基因系统特征的本质特征判断和归类充分性必要性得分显著高于家族来源和内部结构特征,在无因果关系提示时,基因系统特征是被试进行归类的决定性特征,是最本质化的特征；第三,对被试本质特征判断结果和归类充分性、必要性判断进行分析发现,本质特征判断结果和归类充分性必要性判断结果三者之间没有显著差异,三者是相互一致的,因而用充分必要性表征类别特征在归类中的作用是可行的；第四,特征间因果关系提示的有无影响本质特征在归类中的作用,在有因果关系图解和因果关系产生条件下,基因特征的归类权重有所下降,同时家族来源特征的归类权重有所增加；第五,在有因果关系提示时,因果知识影响归类的三个实验效应(因果一致性效应、因果位置效应和关系中心效应)在实验中均有所体现,并在成人被试中首次发现了关系中心效应。实验结果说明本质特征和特征间因果关系都在归类中有一定的作用,影响归类结果。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to explore the role of essential characteristics in classification and the effect of causality between characteristics on essential characteristics. Experiment 1 compared the results of classification of animal individuals with both essential and non-essential characteristics. In experiment 2, we compared the results of essential feature judgment and classification adequacy, necessity judgment, and discussed the difference between essential feature and non-essential feature in classification. According to the deficiency of the former two experiments, the effect and regulation of the causality between the characteristics on the essential characteristics were discussed in the third experiment, according to the classification results of the subjects under the condition of whether or not there was a causal relationship between the characteristics. The experimental results show that: first, compared with the non-essential characteristics, the essential characteristics of family origin, internal structure and gene system are sufficiently judged and classified, and the necessity judgment has a higher score and plays a greater role in classification. The essential characteristics of gene system and the necessity of classification adequacy score were significantly higher than those of family origin and internal structural characteristics. When there was no causal relationship, gene system characteristics were the decisive characteristics of classification. Third, by analyzing the results of judging essential characteristics and the adequacy of classification and necessity, we find that there is no significant difference between the results of essential feature judgment and the result of categorization adequacy judgment, and the analysis of necessity judgment shows that there is no significant difference between the results of essential feature judgment and that of categorization adequacy. They are consistent with each other, so it is feasible to use sufficient necessity to characterize the role of category features in classification; fourth, whether the causal relationship between features has any effect on the role of essential features in classification. Under the condition of causality diagram and causality, the weight of genetic characteristics decreased, and the weight of family origin increased. Fifth, when there was causality, The three experimental effects (causality consistency effect, causal position effect and relationship center effect) classified by causality knowledge influence were all reflected in the experiment, and the relationship center effect was found in adult subjects for the first time. The experimental results show that the causal relationship between the essential characteristics and the characteristics plays a role in the classification, which affects the classification results.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B848

【共引文献】