整体型和局部型思维风格的ERP研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 22:07

本文选题：思维风格　切入点：ERP　出处：《上海师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：思维风格是一个重要的心理特质概念,在解释、预测人们的行为时显示了显著的增量效度。以往的研究基本上采用自我报告的方式,通过量表对个体的思维风格进行测量。本研究尝试从神经生理角度来评估思维风格,试图探索思维风格内部加工机制的神经生理基础。本研究通过测量两种典型的思维风格(整体型和局部型)的ERP成分,从实验研究的角度对思维风格的量表进行效度验证,为思维风格的量表评估提供神经生理的证据支持。研究基于斯滕伯格的心理自我管理理论模型,假设在信息加工过程中不同思维风格的个体采用不同的加工策略:整体型思维风格偏爱整体加工的策略,局部型思维风格偏爱分析式加工的策略。本研究在图形和面孔识别两个层面进行实验研究。本研究提出以下假设。假设1:整体型-局部型思维风格在字母识别和面孔认知过程中对整体和局部刺激的反应时和正确率有显著差异。假设2:整体型-局部型思维风格在字母识别和面孔认知过程中的反应(ERP成分)存在显著差异。本研究通过以下两个实验检验上述假设。实验1:不同思维风格对大小字母组合识别的ERP研究。以350名上海师范大学的学生为被试,运用思维风格量表施测,获得有效问卷数为332份,从中分别筛选出整体型和局部型思维风格得分高(代表性)的两组被试进行ERP实验研究(整体型高分组和局部型高分组各13名)。通过字母识别过程中的不同任务要求,对两种思维风格选择整体或选择局部任务的反应时和正确率进行差异分析;对两种思维风格在实验过程中的N270(ERP成分)的波幅和峰值进行差异分析。实验2:不同思维风格对面孔认知的ERP研究。在呈现不同的面孔刺激之后,不同的思维风格对选面孔或选特征(眼睛)任务的反应时和正确率进行差异分析;对两种思维风格在面孔识别过程中的N170(ERP成分)的波幅、峰值以及平均波幅进行差异分析。研究结果表明:(1)在字母识别任务中,整体型和局部型思维风格对选大字母或选小字母任务要求的正确率有显著的差异。在选择大字母的任务条件下,整体型思维风格的正确率显著地高于局部型;在选择小字母的任务条件下,局部型思维风格的正确率显著地高于整体型;但两者的反应时不存在显著的差异。两者在字母组合刺激过程中的N270的波幅和潜伏期存在显著的差异,整体型思维风格的N270波峰显著高于局部型思维风格,整体型思维风格的N270潜伏期显著长于局部型思维风格。(2)在面孔认知的过程中,整体型和局部型思维风格选择面孔或特征(眼睛)的反应时存在显著差异,但正确率不存在显著的差异。在选面孔的任务条件下,整体型思维风格的反应时显著快于局部型思维风格;在选特征的任务条件下反应时显著慢于局部型思维风格。两者在面孔认知过程中的N170波幅不存在显著的差异,两者的N170的潜伏存在显著的差异,整体型思维风格在面孔刺激时不同电极点诱发出的N170潜伏期比局部型思维风格更短。本研究通过对不同思维风格的ERP研究,从神经生理的视角支持了思维风格的量表评估结果,对于深入认识思维风格的内涵及内部加工机制提供了实验研究证据。
[Abstract]:Thinking style is an important concept in the interpretation of the psychological characteristics, and predict the behavior of people showed significant incremental validity. Previous studies basically adopt self-report measure, through the scale of thinking style on individual measurements. This study tries to evaluate the neuro physiological angle of thinking style, trying to nerve physiology the basic thinking style to explore the mechanism of internal processing. This research by measuring two kinds of typical thinking style (global and local) of the ERP component, the validity of verification table of thinking style from the perspective of research and thinking style scale assessment to provide neurophysiological evidence. Study of Sternberg's psychological self management theory model based on the assumption in the information processing of different thinking style individuals adopt different processing strategies: the strategy of processing the overall style preference, Bureau Department of thinking style preference analysis processing strategy. This research was studied in two aspects of graphics and face recognition. This study proposes the following hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: Global - local thinking style in the letter recognition and face in the cognitive process of the whole and partial response time and correct rate hypothesis have significant differences. 2: Global - local thinking style reaction in the letter recognition and face in the process of cognition (ERP component) are significantly different. This study through the following two experiments to test this hypothesis. The ERP experimental study of 1: different thinking style of letters. In recognition of the size of 350 students from Shanghai Normal University as subjects, using the thinking style questionnaire was used to obtain the number of valid questionnaires, 332 copies were selected from the whole body and local thinking style high score (representative) of the two groups were tested by the experiment of ERP (high overall Packet and local high packet 13). Through the different tasks in the process of letter identification requirements, the two kinds of thinking styles to choose whole or choose local task response time and accuracy of difference analysis; two kinds of thinking styles in the process of N270 (ERP component) and peak amplitude difference analysis Experimental Study on 2: ERP. Different thinking style of facial cognition. After presenting different face stimuli, different thinking styles to choose face or selected features (eyes) task response time and accuracy of difference analysis; the two kinds of thinking style in face recognition in the process of N170 (ERP component) amplitude the peak, and the average amplitude difference analysis. The results show that: (1) in the letter recognition task, global and local thinking style have significant differences on the rate of correct selection of letters or choose small letters. In the selection task The big letter task conditions, the overall rate of correct thinking style is significantly higher than the local type; in the choice of small letter task conditions, the correct rate of local thinking style is significantly higher than the whole; but do not exist significant difference between the two groups of letters in response. With the stimulation process N270 the amplitude and latency differences, the overall style of N270 wave was significantly higher than that of the local style of thinking, holistic thinking style of the N270 latency was significantly longer than the local thinking style. (2) in the process of face recognition, global and local thinking style or face feature selection (eyes) reaction time there significant differences, but the correct rate has no significant difference. In the face of task conditions, the overall style was faster than local thinking style in the feature selection task; reaction conditions When was significantly slower than the local thinking style. The two faces in the cognitive process of the amplitude of N170 does not exist significant differences, both latent N170 there are significant differences, the overall style in the face of different stimulation electrode induced by N170 shorter latency than local thinking style. Through the study on the study of ERP different thinking styles, assessment scale from the perspective of the neural physiological support thinking style, provide experimental evidence for understanding the connotation of thinking style and internal processing mechanism.

【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842

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