老年人生命质量和死亡焦虑的关系及应对方式的研究—特质焦虑型人格的中介效应

发布时间：2018-04-02 16:09

本文选题：死亡焦虑　切入点：生命质量　出处：《四川师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：死亡焦虑是一种期待或意识到死亡而体验到害怕或焦虑的不舒适感觉,它包括情绪性、认知性、压力与痛苦、时间意识成分,并且受发展阶段和社会文化的影响。大量的研究显示老年群体所体验的死亡焦虑水平高于其他群体,老年人的死亡焦虑主要来自于由生命质量急剧下降所导致的心态转变,而不是来自于对生命即将终结的担忧或惧怕。研究一表明老年人生命质量影响死亡焦虑的水平,生命质量越高的老年人其死亡焦虑水平越低,反之则高,且特质焦虑型人格在两者关系之间起到部分中介的作用。研究二在研究一的基础上对高生命质量的老年人死亡焦虑的应对方式进行探讨,结果显示:老年人采用内外部的防御方式应对死亡焦虑,其中对内主要采用情绪应对、转换思维、悦活人生的方式,对外主要是人际联结、养生、规划生活。研究一采用世界卫生组织生命质量简表(WHOQOL-BREF)、中文版死亡焦虑量表(C-TDAS)、状态-特质焦虑分量表(T-AI)调查325名老年人,探讨老年人生命质量、死亡焦虑和特质焦虑型人格的关系。研究二在此基础上对6名高生命质量的老年人进行个别访谈:构建老年人死亡焦虑应对方式的基本理论框架。研究结果表明:1.老年人各维度下的死亡焦虑及死亡焦虑总体水平都较高,而生命质量较低,且老年人普遍存在高估自身生命质量的情况。2.死亡焦虑在性别、患病情况、行动能力和家庭摩擦方面差异显著,其中女性死亡焦虑的水平显著高于男性;患病老年人的死亡焦虑水平显著高于未患病老年人;行动能力越差的老年人其死亡焦虑水平越高;受家庭摩擦影响越大的老年人其死亡焦水平越高。3.老年人各领域生命质量在性别、患病情况、行动能力方面均存在显著差异。其中男性四个领域的生命质量均高于女性;未患病人群各领域生命质量显著高于患病人群;行动能力受限越严重的老年人其生命质量越低;受家庭摩影响擦越大的老年人生命质量越低。4.特质焦虑型人格正向预测老年人死亡焦虑水平5.特质焦虑型人格在死亡焦虑与主观生命质量之间具有部分中介作用。6.死亡焦虑和生命质量之间存在显著相关,其中生理领域的生命质量对死亡焦虑的影响最大。7.特质焦虑型人格在死亡焦虑与生命质量之间具有部分中介作用。
[Abstract]:Death anxiety is a kind of uncomfortable feeling that expects or realizes death and experiences fear or anxiety. It includes emotional, cognitive, stress and pain, time consciousness, and is influenced by stage of development and social culture.A large number of studies have shown that elderly people experience higher levels of death anxiety than other groups, and that death anxiety in the elderly comes mainly from a mental change caused by a sharp decline in the quality of life.Not from fear or fear that life is coming to an end.The first study shows that the quality of life affects the level of death anxiety, the higher the quality of life, the lower the level of death anxiety, and the higher the level of death anxiety, the higher the level of death anxiety, and trait anxiety personality plays a part of intermediary role in the relationship between the two.The second study discussed the coping style of death anxiety of the elderly with high quality of life on the basis of the first study. The results showed that the elderly adopted the internal and external defense to deal with the death anxiety, in which the internal and external emotional coping was mainly used.Change thinking, happy way of life, external is mainly interpersonal connection, health, planning life.In the first study, WHO quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREFFU), Chinese death anxiety scale (C-TDASA) and State-Trait anxiety scale (STI) were used to investigate the relationship between quality of life, death anxiety and trait anxiety personality in 325 elderly people.On the basis of this, six senior citizens with high quality of life were interviewed individually in the second study: to construct the basic theoretical framework of coping style of death anxiety in the elderly.The results of the study show that 1: 1.The overall level of death anxiety and death anxiety in the elderly is higher, but the quality of life is lower, and the elderly generally overestimate their own quality of life. 2.There were significant differences in sex, illness, mobility and family friction, among which the level of death anxiety of female was significantly higher than that of male, the level of death anxiety of the elderly with disease was significantly higher than that of the elderly without disease.The higher the level of death anxiety was, the higher the level of death focus was, and the higher the level of death focus was, the higher the family friction was, the higher the level of death anxiety was.There were significant differences in quality of life in gender, disease and mobility.The quality of life in the four areas of male was higher than that in female; the quality of life in all areas of non-sick population was significantly higher than that of sick population; the lower the quality of life of the elderly with severe mobility limitation was;The older the family friction, the lower the quality of life.The trait anxiety type personality positively predicts the death anxiety level of the elderly 5. 5%.Trait anxiety type personality has partial mediating effect between death anxiety and subjective quality of life. 6.There was a significant correlation between death anxiety and quality of life, in which the quality of life in physiological field had the greatest influence on death anxiety.Trait anxiety personality plays an intermediary role between death anxiety and quality of life.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.4

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