时间取向和时间态度对自信建构的影响

发布时间：2018-04-04 18:45

本文选题：自信　切入点：时间取向　出处：《西南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：适度自信对维持个体心理健康、改善人际关系、提高自我价值感等方面都发挥着重要作用。在具体情境和任务中,自我信息表征着个体在不同情境、领域中对自己的感知(包括个体对自我能力、价值等信息的表征),这些信息的提取、加工成为个体判断自信的资源。其中,积极自我信息会增强个体对自我的肯定感、确定性而提升个体的自信；相反,消极自我信息则会降低个体的自我肯定感而削弱其自信心。有关时间与自我的研究则发现积极或消极自我认知、表征图式会在“时间维度”上产生差异：面向未来时,个体普遍认为未来我将优于现在我,如相对于现在,未来将会获得更高的成就、更好的经济收入、更少个性缺点等等；而面对过去,个体则力图使过去显得黯淡消极,如认为过去自我的吸引力远低于现在自我。时间自我评价理论认为这是由于在自我增强动机的驱动下,个体试图通过对比“黯淡的过去”来凸显“美好的现在”。总之,人们在认知过去-现在-未来上,其自我信息表征的积极性上存在依次增强、上升的趋势。但这种时间自我认知的效价是否作用于个体的自信建构过程,以往的研究者并无涉及,本研究以时间取向为切入点,采用实证研究探讨时间取向和时间态度对自信建构的影响。本研究首先采用调查问卷法探讨时间取向与个体自信水平的关系。其后,通过联想法启动时间取向,探索时间取向对自信建构的影响作用,并对时间取向-自我信息效价-自信进行了中介检验,以探索时间取向是否会通过激活个体加工自我信息效价影响自信判断。最后,将时间态度纳入到时间取向-自信建构的模型中,分析时问取向与时间态度对自信建构的共同作用,其结果如下： (1)时间取向与个体自信水平存在相关关系,其中,未来(r=.40,p.01)及过去积极时间取向(r=.19,p..01)与自信存在正相关,消极过去(r=-.13,p.05)及现在宿命时间取向(r=.17,p.01)与自信存在负相关,现在享乐时间取向与自信无关(r=-.04,p.05)。 (2)通过启动实验发现,个体的自信判断受时间取向的影响(F=4.95,p.05, n2=.15)未来时间取向组的自信水平显著高于现在和过去时间取向组,过去时间取向组与现在时间取向组在自信水平上不存在差异。中介检验则表明,混合自我信息效价(积极与消极自我信息的相对值)在时间取向-自信建构之间发挥着完全中介作用,表明时间取向并不直接作用个体的白信判断,而是完全依赖于个体在定向不同时间自我时所引发的提取、加工白我信息上的效价差异。 (3)时间取向与时间态度对个体自信建构存在交互作用(F=6.44,p.05, n2=.08)在积极时间态度条件下,未来和过去时间取向组的自信水平并无显著差异；而在消极时间态度条件下,未来组自信水平显著低于过去组。本研究通过问卷调查和实验相结合的方法,探索了时间取向和时间态度对自信建构的影响,提出了时间取向-自我信息效价-自信建构的中介模型并加以验证。其中,研究—从特质角度上发现各时间取向与个体的自信水平存在相关关系,未来时间取向与自信存在正相关且相关程度最大；研究二从认知建构层面上发现时间取向对个体自信建构存在影响,未来时间取向组的自信判断显著高于过去和现在时间取向组。研究一和研究二表明未来取向是最利于提升个体自信的时间取向。研究三则表明相对于消极时间取向,积极时间取向更利于增强个体自信。此外,消极的未来时间取向相比消极的过去时间取向能引发个体产生高强度的危机感和自我否定感,导致个体产生更低的自信体验；但相对于积极的过去时间取向,积极的未来时间取向并不能引发更高的自我肯定感,表明重视成功的未来和看重辉煌的过去在增强个体自信上具有相同的效力。
[Abstract]:Moderate confidence to maintain mental health, improve interpersonal relationship, play an important role in improving the sense of self value. In specific situations and tasks, self information representing the individual in different contexts, perception of yourself in the field (including the individual self ability, value of information representation, the information extraction) be confident, processing individual judgment resources. Among them, the positive self information will enhance the individual sense of self affirmation, and enhance the confidence of individual uncertainty; on the contrary, negative self information will reduce the individual's self affirmation and weaken their confidence. Sense of time and self study found a positive or negative self cognition, characterization the schema will produce differences in "time dimension": facing the future, individuals generally believed that I will be better than my future now, as opposed to now, the future will be more and more high achievement. Good income, less personality defects and so on; and the face of the past, the individual is trying to make the past seem bleak negative, such as past self attraction is far lower than now. Self temporal self appraisal theory is that the driving motivation in self enhancement, the individual tries by comparing the "dark past" to highlight the "good now". In short, people in the cognition of past present future, their enthusiasm for self representation of information on existing in the enhancement, upward trend. Since the channel construction process this time but the titer of self cognition is in the role of the individual, the previous study is not involved in this study, time orientation as a starting point the empirical study, time orientation and time effect on the construction of confidence attitude.
In this study we used questionnaire method to explore the relationship between time orientation and individual confidence level. Then, by Lenovo start time orientation, time orientation of exploration and the construction of confidence, self - potency time orientation information of the intermediary confidence test, to explore whether the time orientation through the activation of individual self information processing the titer of affect confidence judgment. Finally, the time attitude into the time orientation of confidence construction model, analysis of time orientation and time attitude on interaction confidence building, the results are as follows:
(1) there is relationship, time orientation and individual confidence level of the future (r=.40, P.01) and positive past time orientation (r=.19, p..01) were positively correlated with confidence, negative past (r=-.13, p.05) and now the fate of time orientation (r=.17, P.01) in negative correlation with confidence, pleasure time now the orientation of independent and confident (r=-.04, p.05).
(2) by starting the experiment, the influence of individual confident judgments of time orientation (F=4.95, p.05, n2=.15) future time orientation group confidence level is significantly higher than the present and past time orientation, past time orientation group and now time orientation group in the confidence level there is no difference. Intermediary test indicates that the self mixing the information value (relative values of positive and negative self information) plays a important role in the construction of confidence between the time orientation, time orientation that is not directly effect the white letter individual judgment, but from a body completely dependent on orientation on different time self triggered by processing information on my white titer difference.
(3) the time orientation and time attitude of individual confidence construct interaction (F=6.44, p.05, n2=.08) in the condition of positive attitude of time, significant differences between the past and future time orientation group level of confidence in the condition of no negative attitude; time, the future confidence level was significantly lower than that in the past group group.
The research method of combining questionnaire survey and experiment, explored the time orientation and time effect on the construction of confidence attitude, put forward time orientation model of self - confidence intermediary information was constructed and verified. The research from the angle of the relationship between traits found each time orientation and individual confidence level. Future time orientation and confident there is a positive correlation and maximum correlation degree; two from the cognitive construction level found time orientation on individual confidence building effect, future time orientation is significantly higher than that of group confidently determine the past and present time orientation groups. The researches show that two future orientation is the most confident to enhance the individual time orientation three. Research shows that compared with the negative time orientation, positive time orientation is more conducive to enhancing the individual confidence. In addition, future time orientation compared to negative elimination The past time orientation can cause the individual to produce high strength the sense of crisis and sense of self denial, cause individuals to produce lower confidence experience; but compared to the past time orientation positive, positive future time orientation does not lead to higher sense of self affirmation, show attention to successful future value and glorious past in the individual confidence has the same effect.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B848

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