自我面孔的反应抑制机制

发布时间：2018-04-04 22:36

本文选题：自我面孔　切入点：自我面孔的加工优势　出处：《上海师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：自我面孔是一种凸显性刺激，既有生物属性也具有社会属性，因而可以优先捕获注意，得到快速地加工。在自我研究中，成人对自我面孔的反应速度快于对他人面孔的反应速度，称之为自我面孔加工优势（self-face advantage）。然而自我面孔加工优势并不是一直存在，为了适应环境的变化它在特定情境下（如，社会威胁情境）会消失。个体根据生存环境的不断变化灵活地调整行为，依赖于反应抑制功能。反应抑制是执行功能的重要成分之一，指抑制不符合当前需要的或不恰当行为反应的能力。论文以自我面孔为代表，研究自我信息的反应抑制特点。停止信号范式（stop-signal paradigm）是研究反应抑制主要范式。该范式由一个选择反应任务和一个停止任务构成。被试根据实验要求对刺激做相应的按键反应（选择反应任务），任务中偶尔在刺激呈现后会紧跟一个声音信号，当被试听到这个信号的时候，要停止按键反应（停止任务）。本研究采用停止信号范式，使用自我面孔和他人面孔作为刺激材料。假设自我面孔的加工优势受到信号的调节，在冲动条件下表现更为显著；自我面孔的反应抑制能力要强于他人面孔。为验证这些假设进行了两个实验研究，分别从行为（实验一）和脑机制（实验二）两个方面给予探讨。实验一的结果发现，在选择反应任务中，自我面孔和他人面孔的反应时没有差异。抑制失败条件下，自我面孔的信号反应时显著快于他人面孔。抑制成功条件下，自我面孔的抑制反应时显著的短于他人面孔。表明自我面孔加工的冲动性更强，因而需要的抑制努力更大。实验二采用ERP技术探讨自我面孔反应抑制的脑机制，结果显示，在选择反应任务中，自我面孔和他人面孔的反应时没有差异，但是在额中央区自我面孔诱发的N2波幅显著小于他人面孔；在顶枕区，自我面孔诱发的P300波幅显著的大于他人面孔。自我面孔抑制成功相比他人面孔抑制成功在额中央区诱发更大的负走向的慢波成分。抑制自我面孔失败会在额中央区诱发一个更大的P300波幅。综上，实验验证了自我面孔受到信号调节，，在抑制失败条件下，自我面孔更具有冲动性，这种冲动性诱发更大的P300波幅。同时也验证了，自我面孔的加工优势影响反应抑制能力，诱发更大的负走向的慢波成分，表明自我面孔需要的抑制努力更大，投入的认知资源更多。
[Abstract]:Self-face is a kind of salient stimulus, which has both biological and social properties, so it can be preferentially captured and processed quickly.In self-research, adults react more quickly to self-faces than to faces of others, which is called self-face advantage.However, the advantage of self-face processing does not always exist, in order to adapt to the changes in the environment, it will disappear in specific situations (such as social threat situation).The individual adjusts his behavior flexibly according to the changing living environment and relies on the response inhibition function.Response inhibition is one of the most important components of executive function, which refers to the ability to suppress the response of behavior that is not in accordance with current needs or inappropriate behavior.In this paper, self-face is taken as the representative to study the characteristics of self-information response inhibition.Stop-signal paradigm is the main paradigm in the study of response suppression.The paradigm consists of a selective response task and a stop task.The subjects responded to the stimulus by keystrokes according to the experiment requirements (select the response task, the task occasionally followed a sound signal after the stimulus was presented, and when the subjects heard the signal, they had to stop the keystroke response (stop the task).In this study, stop-signal paradigm was used and self-faces and other faces were used as stimuli.It is assumed that the processing advantage of self-faces is regulated by signals and is more obvious under impulsive conditions, and the ability of self-face response inhibition is stronger than that of other faces.In order to verify these hypotheses, two experimental studies were carried out, one was behavioral (experiment one) and the other was brain mechanism (experiment two).The results of experiment 1 showed that there was no difference in the reaction time between self-faces and others' faces in the task of choosing reaction.The signal response time of self-faces was significantly faster than that of other faces.The inhibitory reaction time of self-face was significantly shorter than that of others under the condition of inhibiting success.This indicates that self-face processing is more impulsive and therefore requires greater inhibition efforts.In experiment 2, ERP technique was used to explore the brain mechanism of inhibition of self-face reaction. The results showed that there was no difference in the response time between self-faces and others' faces in the task of selecting responses.However, the amplitude of N2 waves induced by self-faces in the central frontal region was significantly lower than that of the faces of others, while in the parietal occipital region, the amplitude of P300 waves induced by self-faces was significantly larger than that of other faces.Self-inhibition of face success induces a larger negative-trending slow wave component in the central frontal region than that of others.Failure to suppress self-faces would induce a larger P300 amplitude in the central frontal region.In conclusion, the experiment proves that the self-faces are regulated by signal, and the self-faces are more impulsive under the condition of suppression failure, which induces a larger P300 amplitude.At the same time, it is also proved that the processing superiority of self-face affects the ability of response inhibition, and induces a larger negative trend of slow wave component, which indicates that self-face needs more inhibition effort and more cognitive resources.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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