感恩对消极互惠的影响

发布时间：2018-04-06 21:33

本文选题：感恩　切入点：消极互惠　出处：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着积极心理学兴起,感恩越来越受到研究者的关注。感恩是指个体在他人有意识地给予或试图给予其有价值的东西时所感受到的一种积极情绪。人际交往中,当人们觉察到他人的不友好或是敌意时,会产生“以牙还牙”的交互方式,即发生消极互惠。相关研究发现,积极情绪会降低个体的消极互惠行为,而感恩也可以减少人际间的伤害行为和侵犯行为。然而,以往研究仅是局限于受恩者和施恩者之间的行为互动,少有研究直接探讨感恩对消极互惠的影响,也没有区分感恩与一般积极情绪对消极互惠影响的差异,更没有探讨受恩者和施恩者之外的人际间的消极互惠。研究依据感恩的道德情感理论和扩建理论,探讨感恩对消极互惠的影响,并将感恩与一般积极情绪进行区分,考查感恩是否会影响陌生人的消极互惠行为。研究以113名本科生和研究生为被试,采用行为实验方法,以真人互动为范式诱发感恩情绪,考查感恩对消极互惠的影响。结果发现:(1)感恩情绪组的消极互惠显著低于愉悦情绪组和中性情绪组,愉悦情绪组的消极互惠与中性组的消极互惠差异不显著。(2)感恩陌生人组的消极互惠显著低于中性情绪组,感恩陌生人组与感恩施恩者组的消极互惠差异不显著。结论:感恩可以减少个体对施恩者或者陌生人的消极互惠行为,且感恩对消极互惠的减少不同于一般积极情绪的作用。
[Abstract]:With the rise of positive psychology, gratitude has been paid more and more attention by researchers.Gratitude is a positive emotion that an individual feels when others consciously give or try to give something of value to them.In interpersonal communication, when people are aware of the unfriendliness or hostility of others, there will be a "tit-for-tat" mode of interaction, that is, negative reciprocity.Related studies have found that positive emotions can reduce individuals' negative and reciprocal behaviors, while gratitude can also reduce interpersonal harm and aggression.However, previous studies were limited to the behavioral interaction between the recipient and the benefactor, and few studies directly explored the effects of gratitude on negative reciprocity, and did not distinguish between gratitude and general positive emotions on negative reciprocity.There is also no discussion of negative reciprocity between people other than the benefactor and the benefactor.According to the theory of moral emotion and extension of gratitude, this paper probes into the influence of gratitude on negative reciprocity, differentiates gratitude from general positive emotion, and examines whether gratitude will affect the negative reciprocal behavior of strangers.In this study, 113 undergraduates and postgraduates were chosen as subjects. The behavioral experiment was used to induce gratitude emotion in the paradigm of real person interaction, and the effect of gratitude on negative reciprocity was examined.The results showed that the negative reciprocity in gratitude group was significantly lower than that in pleasure emotion group and neutral emotion group, but there was no significant difference in negative reciprocity between happy emotion group and neutral group. (2) the negative reciprocity of gratitude strangers group was significantly lower than that of neutral emotion group.There was no significant difference in negative reciprocity between the grateful strangers group and the grateful benefactor group.Conclusion: gratitude can reduce the negative reciprocal behavior of individual towards benefactor or stranger, and the effect of gratitude on negative reciprocity is different from that of general positive emotion.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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