情绪面部简图的搜索不对称性机制：情绪的或知觉的？

发布时间：2018-04-10 21:14

本文选题：情绪面孔 + 搜索不对称性　；参考：《西南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：情绪面孔的搜索不对称性效应指的是：在视觉搜索任务中,当负性情绪(愤怒、悲伤)面孔作为搜索目标,正性情绪(高兴)面孔作为背景分心物时,对搜索序列的反应速度要显著快于正性情绪面孔作为目标而负性情绪面孔作为背景分心物的条件。对于搜索不对称性效应的解释,目前主要存在两种观点：情绪观和知觉观。情绪观从面孔本身的情绪内容来解释搜索的不对称性现象,主要有威胁刺激捕获注意的假设和情绪摆脱的假设。而知觉观是从不同情绪面孔本身的知觉特征差异来解释搜索的不对称性现象,主要有知觉组织的假设和闭合结构的假设,还包括其他面部特征的知觉差异假设。通过分析和比较已有的研究结论,本研究发现研究者们往往倾向于用一种观点(情绪观或知觉观)来解释情绪面孔搜索的不对称性,而没有考虑到情绪因素和知觉因素的融合。实际上,无论人们看到的是真实的图片面孔还是简图面孔,除了能感知面孔的情绪内容,还能观察到不同情绪面孔的知觉差异,二者是同时存在的,并不能忽视二者的共存性。因此,为了进行理论的整合,以一个统一的观点来解释情绪面孔的搜索不对称性,本研究通过分离情绪因素和知觉因素来进行了一系列的实验。首先,研究从削弱正性和负性情绪面孔的知觉差异的角度去探究情绪因素起到的作用。实验1中用自行绘制的负性和正性简图面孔,重复前人的研究。使用视觉搜索范式对16名被试进行了实验,结果发现了显著的搜索不对称性现象,即搜索目标为负性面孔时的反应速度显著快于搜索目标为正性面孔时的反应速度。实验2中将简图面孔的轮廓变成了正方形,这样两种情绪类型的面孔中同时都有闭合结构,并且都没有平行结构。进行视觉搜索任务后,结果仍然发现了显著的搜索不对称性现象。通过分析认为这可能正意味着情绪因素起到了作用。实验3中研究将进一步削弱面孔的知觉差异,去除了简图面孔的轮廓,此时两种情绪面孔中都不具有闭合结构和平行结构。在进行了视觉搜索任务后,结果观察到了显著的搜索不对称性效应。通过分析和实验间的比较,本研究认为这种显著的搜索不对称性效应正是由情绪因素主导的。由于实验3中的面孔没有轮廓,为了防止被试将面孔的眼睛和嘴进行混淆,因此在实验4中给实验3中的面孔增加了一对眼睛,通过实验结果发现此时被试很容易将其知觉为一种表情。在进行了视觉搜索任务后,结果观察到了显著的搜索不对称性现象,与实验3没有任何差异,因此更证实了实验3的推断。实验5中,研究只保留了简图面孔的嘴部线条和下颌部分线条,但是在实验开始之前通过动画演示告知被试他们所看到的刺激与情绪面孔之间的联系,然后进行相同的视觉搜索任务,结果发现了显著的搜索不对称性效应,根据知觉组织的假设,这里的效应可能混杂着情绪和知觉因素的作用。其次,在肯定了情绪因素作用的基础上,本研究从另一个角度,去削弱两种面孔的情绪内容来探究知觉因素的作用。实验6中仍然使用与实验5相同的实验材料,但是在实验前并不告知被试任何与情绪内容有关的信息。进行了视觉搜索任务后,结果观察到了显著的搜索不对称性效应。通过与实验5的比较和分析,本研究认为实验5中的搜索不对称性效应确实有情绪因素的作用,而实验6中的效应就是由知觉因素导致的,并且可以用知觉组织的观点来解释。实验7中,本研究直接提取出了简图面孔的嘴部线条来进行实验研究。此时的实验刺激已和情绪内容没有关系,但是进行视觉搜索任务后,结果仍然观察到了搜索不对称性效应,意味着两种弯曲方向不同的线条之间本身就存在着差异可以导致搜索的不对称性效应。在之前的实验中,研究中使用的搜索序列是矩阵排列,为了排除空间构型带来的影响,本研究在实验8中将搜索序列变为随机排列的序列,进行了相同的视觉搜索任务,结果还是发现了搜索的不对称性,排除了空间构型和搜索序列的不同带来的影响。而为了进一步排除空间构型的影响,研究又将搜索序列变为圆形搜索序列来进行了实验9,结果虽然只有一个边缘显著的搜索不对称性效应,但并没有排除两种线条之间存在的知觉差异。通过本研究的一系列实验结果和分析认为,在情绪面孔的搜索不对称性效应中,情绪因素和知觉因素是共同发挥着作用的。
[Abstract]:In the task of visual search , when negative emotion ( anger and sadness ) face is used as the search target , positive emotion ( happy ) face is used as background distraction , the reaction speed of the search sequence is faster than that of positive emotion face as the target and negative emotion face as background distraction .

There are two main points of view on the explanation of the search asymmetry effect : the emotion view and the perception view . The emotion view explains the asymmetry phenomenon of the search from the emotion content of the face itself , and mainly presents the hypothesis that the stimulus captures the attention and the hypothesis that the emotion gets rid of . The perception view is the assumption that the search is asymmetric , the hypothesis of the perceptual organization and the assumption of the closed structure , and the perception difference hypothesis of other facial features .

By analyzing and comparing the existing research findings , it is found that the researchers tend to explain the asymmetry of emotional face search with a view ( emotion view or perception view ) without taking into account emotional factors and perception factors . In fact , no matter what people see is the real picture face or the sketch face , in addition to being able to perceive the emotional content of the face , it can also observe the perceptual difference of the emotion faces . Therefore , in order to integrate the theory , the search asymmetry of the emotional face can be explained with a unified viewpoint , and this study has carried out a series of experiments by separating emotion factors and perception factors .

First , to explore the role of emotional factors from the perspective of weakening the perception of positive and negative emotional faces .

In Experiment 1 , we repeated the study of the predecessors by using the self - drawn negative and positive sketch faces . Using the visual search paradigm , 16 subjects were tested , and the results showed a significant search asymmetry , that is , the rate of reaction when the search target was a negative face was significantly faster than the rate of reaction when the search target was a positive face .

In Experiment 2 , the profile of the profile of the sketch turned into a square , so that both types of emotion had a closed structure and had no parallel structure . After a visual search task , a significant search asymmetry was still found . By analysis , this might be indicative of an emotional factor .

in experiment 3 , that study will further weaken the perception difference of the face , and remove the outline of the sketch face . At this time , there are no closed structure and parallel structure in the two emotion faces . After the visual search task is carried out , the result shows a remarkable search asymmetry effect .

Since the face in Experiment 3 does not have a contour , in order to prevent the eyes and mouth of the face from being tried to be confused , it has been found in Experiment 4 that the face in Experiment 3 has increased a pair of eyes , and it has been found experimentally that it is easy to perceive it as an expression . After a visual search task , a significant search asymmetry has been observed , and there is no difference from experiment 3 , and therefore the inference of Experiment 3 is more confirmed .

In Experiment 5 , only the mouth lines and the mandibular partial lines of the sketch face were retained , but the relationship between the stimulus and the emotional face that was seen before the start of the experiment was informed and then the same visual search task was performed , the results showed a significant search asymmetry effect , and the effects here may be mixed with emotion and perception factors based on the hypothesis of the perceptual organization .

Secondly , on the basis of affirmation of emotional factors , the research explores the role of perception factors from another angle to weaken the emotional content of the two faces .

The experiment 6 still uses the same experimental material as Experiment 5 , but before the experiment , it is not informed of any information related to emotion content . After the visual search task , the results have observed a remarkable search asymmetry effect . Through the comparison and analysis with experiment 5 , the result shows that the search asymmetry effect in Experiment 5 does have emotional factors , and the effect in experiment 6 is caused by perceptual factors , and can be explained by perceptual organization ' s point of view .

In Experiment 7 , this study directly extracts the mouth line of the sketch face to carry on the experiment research . At this time , the experiment stimulation is not related to the emotion content , but after the visual search task , the result still observes the search asymmetry effect , which means that there is a difference between the lines with different bending directions , which can lead to the asymmetry effect of the search .

In the previous experiment , the search sequence used in the study was matrix arrangement . In order to eliminate the influence of spatial configuration , the study conducted the same visual search task in experiment 8 . The results showed that the asymmetry of the search was eliminated , and the influence of spatial configuration and search sequence was eliminated .

Through a series of experimental results and analysis , emotional factors and perceived factors play a role in the asymmetric effect of emotional face search .

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

【参考文献】