社会拒绝内容的负面情绪效应研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 10:32

本文选题：社会拒绝 + 社会认知基本维度　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：归属需要作为人类的基本需求,驱使个体与他人或团体建立友好、稳定的社会关系。社会拒绝作为归属需要的主要威胁,对个体的负面影响毋庸置疑。已有研究发现,当个体遭遇社会拒绝后,其归属感、自尊、控制感、积极情绪等均降低,并诱发强烈的消极情绪,如愤怒,伤心(sadness)和受伤感(hurt feeling)。社会拒绝的形式、理由以及情境会对个体产生不同的影响。有研究发现,即使处于模糊的拒绝情景中,个体对拒绝理由的认识也会影响其情绪体验。在对拒绝理由即拒绝内容进行认识时,拒绝内容可以被整合到温暖和能力两方面;从情绪的产生与社会功能来看,愤怒和伤心可能在温暖和能力两个维度上有各自的特点。温暖和能力是社会认知的两个基本维度,温暖是指与他人建立温暖、友好关系以及关于行为道德判断相关的特征,如友好的,奸诈的;能力是指展现自我、追求目标、成就相关的特征,如努力的,退缩的。此外,社会拒绝内容对负面情绪的影响可能受到其他因素的制约,如个体差异,情景因素。拒绝敏感性是一种对他人拒绝有准备性觉知和焦虑性预期,并过度反应的心理倾向。作为一种人格特质,它可能制约着拒绝内容对负面情绪的影响。本研究考察社会拒绝内容对负面情绪的影响,同时探讨拒绝敏感性在其中的作用。研究采用两个范式来探讨不同的拒绝理由在负面情绪上的差异,并探讨拒绝敏感性的作用。研究一采用回忆范式考察社会拒绝的内容对消极情绪的影响,并探讨拒绝敏感性在其中的作用。结果发现:(1)社会拒绝内容诱发的情绪中,伤心是主要情绪;(2)伤心、愤怒、受伤感、快乐在能力性拒绝理由和温暖性拒绝理由两个条件下均没有差异;(3)与低拒绝敏感性相比,高拒绝敏感性个体体验到更高水平的消极情绪和更低水平的积极情绪。被试在回忆曾经的拒绝经历时,可能卷入了其他的因素,如产生的反事实思维、事件发生的时间距离以及拒绝事件的重要性都可能对情绪产生影响。研究二中采用相互认识范式,该范式下的社会拒绝是即时即刻发生的,被试没有过多的时间去解释事件,且都面临来自同性别、陌生人的拒绝。研究二采用生态效度更高的相互认识范式考察在模拟情中社会拒绝内容在消极情绪上的差异。结果发现:(1)社会拒绝内容诱发的情绪中,伤心仍然是主要情绪;(2)伤心和受伤感在能力性拒绝理由和温暖性拒绝理由两个条件下均没有差异;(3)愤怒和快乐在能力性拒绝理由和温暖性拒绝理由两个条件下存在差异,表现为个体因能力被拒绝而产生的愤怒显著高于因温暖被拒绝而产生的愤怒,个体因能力被拒绝而体验到的快乐显著低于因温暖被拒绝而体验到的快乐;(4)与低拒绝敏感性相比,高拒绝敏感性个体体验到更高水平的消极情绪和更低水平的积极情绪,与因温暖被拒绝相比,因能力被拒绝的高拒绝敏感性个体体验到更高水平的愤怒。综上,社会拒绝内容的负面情绪效应表现为:(1)社会拒绝内容会同时诱发伤心、愤怒、受伤感,其中伤心是主要情绪;(2)与因温暖被拒绝相比,个体因能力被拒绝时会产生更多的愤怒。(3)社会拒绝内容会降低个体的积极情绪;当面临即时发生的社会拒绝时,个体因能力被拒绝会体验到更低水平的积极情绪。(4)与低拒绝敏感性个体相比,高拒绝敏感性个体在遭遇社会拒绝时产生更高的消极情绪,更低的积极情绪;与因温暖被拒绝相比,低拒绝敏感性个体因能力被拒绝时会更伤心、更不快乐。
[Abstract]:As belonging to the basic human needs, driven by individual and others or groups to establish friendly and stable social relations. The main threat as belonging to social rejection, negative impact on individuals with no doubt. It has been found that when individuals encounter social rejection, the sense of belonging, self-esteem, sense of control, positive emotions are reduce, and induce a strong negative emotions, such as anger, sad and sad (sadness) (hurt feeling). The Society refused to form, reason and situation will have different effects on the individual. Studies have found that even in fuzzy refusal situations, individuals will affect their emotional experience. Understanding of refuse the reason to refuse in content and refused to recognize, refuse content can be integrated into the two aspects of warmth and competence; from the social function and emotion, anger and sadness in warmth and ability two Have their own characteristic dimensions. Warm and ability are the two basic dimensions of social cognition, warm warm refers to the establishment of friendly relations with others, and the characteristics of moral judgment related behavior, such as friendly, treacherous; refers to the ability to show themselves, the pursuit of goals, as related features, such as hard and back. In addition, the social influence on negative emotions to be affected by other factors, such as individual differences, situational factors. The rejection sensitivity is a preparation for awareness and anxiety and excessive expectations of others to be psychological tendency. As a kind of personality, it may restrict refuse content influences negative emotions. This study examines social rejection content influences the negative emotions, and to explore the role of rejection sensitivity. Study to explore the different reasons to reject the negative in using two paradigms Differences in emotion, and to explore the role of a rejection sensitivity. The effect of memory paradigm to study social rejection content on negative emotion, and to explore the role of rejection sensitivity. Results showed that: (1) the content of social rejection induced emotion, sad is the main emotion; (2) the sad, angry, by sad, happy and warm in the ability to reason to reason under the two conditions were no differences; (3) compared with low rejection sensitivity, high rejection sensitivity of individual experience positive emotions to higher levels of negative emotions and lower levels. The subjects in the memory once refused to experience, may be involved in the other the factors, such as the generation of counterfactual thinking, the time of the incident distance and importance of rejection events may affect the mood. The second study adopts mutual understanding paradigm, the paradigm of social rejection is immediate The moment, there is no too much time to explain the events, and are facing the same sex, the stranger refused. Research by the two greater ecological validity to know each other in the simulation paradigm to examine the emotion in social rejection content in negative emotions. The differences found: (1) agency will refuse content by in the sad mood, is still the main emotion; (2) the sad and hurt in the ability to refuse and warm to reason under the two conditions were no differences; (3) the ability of anger and happiness and warmth of refuse refuse under two conditions are different, as individual rejection causes because of the ability of anger was significantly higher than that for warm rejection causes anger, the individual refused to experience happiness because of the ability of rejection was significantly lower than that for warm happiness; (4) compared with low rejection sensitivity, high sensitivity to a The body to experience higher levels of positive emotion negative emotion and lower level, compared with the warm because of being rejected, because the ability of the rejected high rejection sensitivity of individual experience to a higher level of anger. In summary, negative emotional effects of social rejection content as follows: (1) social content will also refuse to induce sad. Anger, hurt, sad is the main emotion; (2) compared with the warm because of being rejected, because individual ability is to produce more anger. (3) the content of social rejection will reduce the individual's positive emotion; when faced with immediate social rejection, the individual will be refused to experience positive emotions lower because of the level of ability. (4) compared with the low rejection sensitivity of individual, high rejection sensitivity individuals have a higher negative emotion in the face of social rejection, positive emotions lower; compared with the warm because of rejection, low rejection sensitivity for individual The ability to be rejected will be more sad and unhappy.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

【参考文献】