心理学视域下的行动问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 01:05

本文选题：行动理论 + 实践哲学　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：行动问题一直是各个学科关注的问题。不同学科对于行动问题关注点不同。哲学家们关注行动的本质特征,对行动的解释以及对行动的评价等问题。社会学家们关心处在社会环境中的个人或集体应该怎样行动以争取自身发展所需要的资源,怎样开展行动最有效等问题,社会学中还有专门的行动理论对社会运动进行论述。与哲学、社会学等学科类似,心理学也从自身角度对行动问题进行了关注。其实心理学对于行动问题的关注从科学心理学建立初期就已存在。科学心理学的创始人冯特就强调心理学应该被用来解决实际问题。行为主义对于行为做了系统的论述,从行为的原因,行为的形成,影响行为的因素等方面进行了详细论述。在现代心理学中,行动问题也得到了广泛关注。社区心理学对行动问题的关注点主要集中在怎样将心理学应用到社区生活中。实践循证心理学从心理学的角度对认识和实践的关系也做出了有价值的论述。此外,社会建构论、认知主义的行动表证指南理论等也从各自的角度对行动问题给予了关注。心理学自身的发展需要对行动问题进行研究。心理学在经过了一百多年的发展后,虽然取得了一定的成果,但是也存在许多问题。在一些有关人类问题及社会问题面前,心理学似乎并没有提供人们所期待的解释。造成这一局面的原因有很多,心理学研究缺乏“行动力”或许可以成为一个原因。心理学研究应该动起来,能够行动的心理学才是一门真正富有生命力的科学。所以对心理学中的行动理论进行梳理和总结是十分必要的,这不仅有助于丰富对行动理论的认识,同时对增强心理学行动力也大有裨益。目前国内外对心理学中的行动理论都鲜有研究,本文在搜集大量资料的基础上尝试对这一问题进行论述。本文首先论述了行动理论兴起的哲学、社会学、教育学背景,在此基础上对心理学理论中的行动理论进行了梳理。主要从行为主义与行动、认知主义的行动理论、社会建构论的行动观、实践循证心理学的行动思想、社区心理学中的行动和质化研究中的行动这几个方面对心理学中的行动理论进行了论述。最后对心理学中的行动理论进行了总结和反思,以期能够实现丰富对行动理论的认识,增强心理学的行动力的目的。
[Abstract]:The problem of action has always been the concern of various disciplines.Different disciplines have different concerns about action issues.Philosophers pay attention to the essential characteristics of action, the interpretation of action and the evaluation of action.Sociologists are concerned about how individuals and collectives in the social environment should take action to fight for the resources needed for their own development and how to carry out the most effective actions. There are also special theories of action in sociology to discuss social movements.Like philosophy and sociology, psychology also pays attention to action from its own point of view.In fact, psychological attention to action problems has existed since the beginning of the establishment of scientific psychology.Venter, the founder of scientific psychology, stressed that psychology should be used to solve practical problems.Behaviorism makes a systematic discussion on behavior, including the causes of behavior, the formation of behavior, the factors affecting behavior and so on.In modern psychology, the problem of action has also been widely concerned.Community psychology focuses on how to apply psychology to community life.Practical evidence-based psychology has also made a valuable discussion on the relationship between cognition and practice from the perspective of psychology.In addition, social constructivism and cognitivism's guide theory of action evidence also pay attention to the problem of action from their respective angles.The development of psychology itself needs to study the problem of action.After more than 100 years of development, psychology has made some achievements, but there are still many problems.In the face of human and social problems, psychology does not seem to provide the desired explanation.There are many reasons for this, and a lack of action in psychological research may be a cause.The psychology research should move, the psychology that can act is a true science full of vitality.Therefore, it is necessary to sort out and summarize the action theory in psychology, which is not only helpful to enrich the understanding of action theory, but also helpful to strengthen the action force of psychology.At present, there are few researches on the theory of action in psychology at home and abroad. This paper tries to discuss this problem on the basis of collecting a lot of data.This paper first discusses the philosophical, sociological and pedagogical background of the rise of action theory, and then combs the action theory in psychological theory.Mainly from the behaviorism and action, the cognitive action theory, the social constructivism action view, the practice evidence-based psychology action thought,Action theory in community psychology and action in qualitative research are discussed.Finally, the author summarizes and rethinks the action theory in psychology in order to enrich the understanding of action theory and strengthen the action force of psychology.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B84-0

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