线索任务和视觉搜索任务中以视网膜为参照的返回抑制

发布时间：2018-04-14 02:19

本文选题：视觉搜索 + 线索范式　；参考：《杭州师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：返回抑制指的是当刺激出现在先前注意过的位置时,人的加工效率降低的一种抑制性注意机制。研究者通常认为该机制能够降低注意返回先前注意过的位置的概率,从而促进视觉搜索。返回抑制的参照系是返回抑制领域的热点研究问题。采用线索范式,先前研究发现返回抑制同时存在于空间和视网膜参照系。但是,由于返回抑制影响的空间范围很大,这些研究并无法确定线索范式中以视网膜为参照的返回抑制是否真实存在。同时,在视觉搜索任务中,以视网膜为参照的返回抑制在每次眼跳之后都会抑制一个新的、未被注意过的空间位置。如果视觉搜索任务中存在以视网膜为参照的返回抑制,它不仅不能促进视觉搜索,反而会降低搜索效率。本论文的目的是澄清线索和搜索任务中是否存在以视网膜为参照的返回抑制。研究1(实验1和2)引入了“无线索”条件,巧妙的排除了返回抑制的空间分布影响。结果发现以视网膜为参照的返回抑制确实存在。研究2也包括两个实验(实验3和4)。实验3首次在视觉搜索任务中探测以空间和以视网膜为参照的返回抑制。结果发现,以空间为参照的返回抑制仍然存在,但是以视网膜为参照的返回抑制不存在。在视网膜参照系上存在一个返回促进而非抑制效应。实验4进一步探究了该促进机制可能的来源。该实验发现,返回抑制效应消除之后,以视网膜为参照的返回促进效应仍然存在。该促进效应可能源自一种尚未被发现的新的促进性注意机制,它与返回抑制共同作用以保证高效的视觉搜索。研究1和2的发现表明,以视网膜为参照的返回抑制仅存在于线索任务。该效应可能源自以视网膜为参照的早期视觉通路的短时程抑制。
[Abstract]:Return inhibition is an inhibitory attention mechanism that reduces the processing efficiency of a person when the stimulus appears in a previously noticed position.Researchers generally believe that this mechanism can reduce the probability of attention returning to previously noticed locations, thus facilitating visual search.The frame of reference for return suppression is a hot topic in the field of return suppression.Using the cues paradigm, previous studies have found that return suppression exists in both spatial and retinal reference systems.However, due to the large spatial range of the effect of return inhibition, these studies are not able to determine whether the retina-referenced return inhibition is real in the cue paradigm.At the same time in the visual search task the retina-referenced return inhibition suppresses a new unnoticed spatial position after each saccade.If there is a retina reference return inhibition in the visual search task, it will not promote visual search, but will reduce the search efficiency.The purpose of this study is to clarify whether retina-referenced return inhibition exists in the search task.In study 1 (experiments 1 and 2), the "no clue" condition was introduced, and the spatial distribution of return inhibition was subtly excluded.The results showed that retina-based return inhibition did exist.Study 2 also includes two experiments (experiments 3 and 4).In experiment 3, the spatial and retina reference return inhibition was detected for the first time in the visual search task.The results showed that the return inhibition with space as reference still existed, but the return inhibition with retina as reference did not exist.There is a return facilitation rather than an inhibitory effect on the retinal reference system.Experiment 4 further explored the possible sources of the mechanism.It was found that after the return inhibition was eliminated, the retina-referenced return-promoting effect still existed.This stimulative effect may be derived from an undiscovered new stimulative attention mechanism, which works in conjunction with return suppression to ensure efficient visual search.The findings of studies 1 and 2 show that retina-referenced return inhibition exists only in cues.This effect may be due to the short-term inhibition of early visual pathways using retina as a reference.
【学位授予单位】：杭州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842

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