奖赏类型对背景线索效应的影响

发布时间：2018-04-14 10:07

本文选题：背景线索效应 + 外部奖赏　；参考：《山西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在每日的工作、学习和生活中,我们要不断接受大量繁杂无序的信息,但是,有很多信息并不是我们所需要的。人类视觉加工系统的能力是有限的,因此如何从信息中选择关键信息,提高视觉搜索的效率就变得十分重要。大量的研究表明,可以利用背景线索信息来促进视觉搜索,这便是背景线索效应(contextual cuing effect)。除此之外,奖赏能够引导注意更快地指向目标,影响视觉搜索的效率,提高注意力,促进视觉搜索。以往已经有大量研究对奖赏与视觉搜索的关系进行了研究,并且发现奖赏对视觉搜索有促进作用,但是以往研究很少涉及奖赏与背景线索效应的关系研究。即便如此,仅有的研究也表明,奖赏信息与背景线索效应存在某种关系。基于此,本研究提出了自己的实验设计,如下:实验1对背景线索效应的基本信息进行了探讨,采用2(场景类型:重复场景、新颖场景)×4(epoch:1、2、3、4)的被试内实验设计,验证了以往的研究结果,并为接下来的研究进行了铺垫。实验2采用2(场景类型:重复场景、新颖场景)×4(奖赏类型:高奖赏(10)、低奖赏(5)、无奖赏(0)、惩罚(-5))×4(epoch:1、2、3、4)的被试内实验设计,不仅对奖赏与惩罚信息对背景线索效应的影响进行了分析,也对高低不同水平奖赏信息对背景线索效应的影响进行了探讨。实验3采用2(场景类型:重复场景、新颖场景)×2(启动类型:奖赏启动、无奖赏启动)×4(epoch:1、2、3、4)的被试内实验设计,对奖赏启动与背景线索效应的关系进行了探讨。得到以下结论:1.被试可以利用背景线索信息来促进视觉搜索,可以利用情景信息引导视觉注意,将被试的注意更好的引导向目标位置,背景线索可以促进视觉搜索。因此,可以证明背景线索效应存在。2.背景线索效应的学习具有内隐性质。也就是说,被试不知道场景信息的重复,却可以利用重复信息进行视觉搜索。3.与场景相关的奖赏信息对背景线索效应有调节作用,存在高水平奖赏对背景线索效应的影响大于低水平奖赏的趋势,两者的差异边缘显著;惩罚信息同样可以引导被试的注意,提高背景线索效应。4.在视觉搜索实验范式下,无论是否加入奖赏启动,均会存在背景线索效应,但是,奖赏启动对背景线索效应具有调节作用,可以提高背景线索对视觉搜索的影响,增强目标搜索的效率。
[Abstract]:In the daily work, study and life, we have to accept a lot of information, but there is a lot of information is not what we need.The ability of human visual processing system is limited, so how to select the key information from the information and improve the efficiency of visual search becomes very important.A large number of studies have shown that background cues can be used to promote visual search, which is contextual cuing effectof contextual cues.In addition, rewards can lead attention to target faster, affect the efficiency of visual search, improve attention, and promote visual search.There have been a lot of studies on the relationship between reward and visual search, and it has been found that reward can promote visual search. However, there are few studies on the relationship between reward and background clue effect.Even so, only research suggests a relationship between reward information and contextual cues.Based on this, this study proposed its own experimental design, as follows: in experiment 1, the basic information of background cues effect was discussed, and 2 (scene types: repeated scenes, novel scenes) 脳 4 epoch: 1 / 2 / 3 / 4) were used.Verify the results of previous studies, and for the next study to pave the way.Experiment 2 was designed by using 2 (scene type: repeat scene, novel scene) 脳 4 (reward type: high reward 10, low reward 5, no reward 0, penalty 5) 脳 4 epoch1 / 2 / 3 / 4). Not only the effect of reward and punishment information on background clue effect was analyzed, but also the effect of reward and punishment information on the background clue effect was analyzed.The influence of different levels of reward information on the effect of background cues is also discussed.Experiment 3 was designed by using 2 (scene type: repeat scene, novel scene) 脳 2 (priming type: reward priming, no reward priming) 脳 4 epoch: 1 / 2 / 3 / 4). The relationship between reward priming and background clue effect was discussed.Get the following conclusion: 1.Subjects can use background cues to promote visual search, can use situational information to guide visual attention, the participants can better guide the attention to the target position, background clues can promote visual search.Therefore, it can be proved that the background cues effect exists. 2.The learning of background cues is implicit.That is to say, the participants do not know the repetition of scene information, but can use the repeated information for visual search. 3.The reward information related to scene can regulate the effect of background cues, and there is a tendency that the effect of high level reward on background clue effect is greater than that of low level reward, and the difference margin between them is significant. The punishment information can also lead the participants to pay attention.Enhance the background cues effect. 4.In the visual search experiment paradigm, whether or not the reward priming is added, there will be a background clue effect. However, the reward priming can regulate the background clue effect, which can improve the influence of the background cues on the visual search.Increases the efficiency of target search.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3

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