刻板印象及其内容激活对自发推理的影响

发布时间：2018-04-14 21:12

本文选题：自发特质推理 + 自发情境推理　；参考：《上海师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：自发推理是印象形成中不可或缺的自动化加工过程，是个体根据他人行为信息自发做出的各种推断。自发特质推理和自发情境推理是其巾影响着人们的社会判断和和人际决策等方面的两种推理方式。早期有研究发现，行为信息中行动者所属范畴的刻板印象会影响自发特质推理。刻板印象是人们对某一群体的固有看法，是把某一特质与特定群体联结在一起的一种信念。此外，，不同群体的刻板印象是不一样的，Fiske et al.(2008)提出将刻板印象划分为温情和能力两个维度，并进一步提及社会地位对群体能力评价存在显著的预测作用。那么，刻板印象及其内容是如何作用于自发推理的呢？研究以此为出发点，招募大学生被试，采用探测词再认范式，探究刻板印象、刻板印象内容两维度（温情vs.能力）和社会阶层对自发推理的影响方式。实验1采用同时隐含特质和情境信息的行为句对应不同刻板印象标签的行动者，并且通过阈上和阈下呈现刻板印象标签两种方式，考察刻板印象对自发推理的影响。实验2给被试呈现不同刻板印象内容标签下的行动者以及对应的行为信息，考察刻板印象内容对自发推理的影响。实验3进一步探究了行动者的社会阶层标签在人们判断行为信息时所起的作用。研究结果发现，不论是阈上还是阈下激活行为句中行动者的刻板印象时，不一致的刻板印象会促进自发情境推理。当激活行动者的刻板印象内容时，一致和部分一致的刻板印象内容会促进情境信息的自发推理。行动者的社会阶层具有对能力信息自发特质推理的导向作用。
[Abstract]:Spontaneous inference is an indispensable process of automatic processing in impression formation. It is a kind of inference made spontaneously by individuals according to the behavior information of others.Spontaneous trait reasoning and spontaneous situational reasoning are two kinds of reasoning methods which influence people's social judgment and interpersonal decision.Early studies have found that stereotyping of actors in behavioral information affects spontaneous trait reasoning.Stereotype is an inherent view of a group and a belief that connects a trait to a particular group.In addition, the stereotype of different groups is different Fiske et al.2008) proposed that stereotype be divided into two dimensions of warmth and ability, and further mentioned that social status has a significant predictive effect on the evaluation of group ability.So how does stereotyping and its content work on spontaneous reasoning?With this as the starting point, the study recruited college students and adopted the detection word recognition paradigm to explore the two dimensions of stereotype and stereotype (tenderness vs.Ability) and the way social strata influence spontaneous reasoning.In experiment 1, the actors corresponding to different stereotype labels were used, and the influence of stereotype on spontaneous inference was investigated through subthreshold and suprathreshold presentation of stereotype labels.In experiment 2, participants were presented with actors and corresponding behavioral information under different stereotype content labels, and the effects of stereotype content on spontaneous inference were investigated.Experiment 3 further explores the role of social class labels of actors in judging behavior information.The results show that inconsistent stereotypes promote spontaneous situational reasoning when the actors' stereotype in behavioral sentences is activated by subthreshold or suprathreshold.When activating stereotype content of actors, consistent and partially consistent stereotype content will promote spontaneous reasoning of situational information.The social stratum of the actor has the guiding function to the spontaneous trait inference of the ability information.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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