不同SOA条件下情绪刺激对注意的影响研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 05:24

本文选题：情绪 + 注意　；参考：《重庆师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：情绪对注意的影响，一直是心理学研究中的热点领域。根据注意资源理论，情绪刺激的出现会占用个体的注意资源，使得个体把注意力从情绪刺激上转移回靶刺激需要更长的时间，因此情绪刺激的出现对被试接下来出现的靶刺激的反应产生干扰。Lavie的知觉负载理论也认为，个体的注意资源是有限的，目标刺激获得的注意资源会随着其他刺激或任务的竞争而减少。但是，Lee和Sternthal认为，情绪刺激不仅不会占用注意资源，相反，还会提供额外的资源作为认知能量，拓展注意的广度，提高注意的灵活性。在以往的研究中，情绪对注意的影响存在两种截然不同的观点，那么，情绪对注意的影响什么时候表现为干扰，什么时候表现为促进？在文献分析的基础上，本研究认为情绪对注意产生何种影响，与情绪刺激与目标任务出现的间隔时间SOA有一定的关系。因此，本研究主要着眼于验证在不同SOA条件下，情绪刺激对注意的影响。研究包括两个实验，分别采用不同的实验范式比较了不同SOA条件下，情绪刺激对注意的影响。实验一采用go/no-go任务，操纵SOA（200ms、600ms）、情绪刺激类型（无刺激、积极情绪刺激、中性情绪刺激、消极情绪刺激）和线索有效性（线索有效、线索无效）考察在不同情绪刺激类型和SOA条件下情绪对注意的影响。结果显示线索有效性的主效应显著，情绪刺激类型与SOA的交互作用显著，情绪刺激类型、SOA与线索有效性三者之间的交互作用显著。实验二采用线索靶子范式，操纵SOA（200ms、600ms）、情绪刺激类型（无刺激、积极情绪刺激、中性情绪刺激、消极情绪刺激）和线索有效性（线索有效、线索无效）考察在不同情绪刺激类型和SOA条件下情绪对注意的影响。结果显示线索有效性的主效应显著，情绪刺激类型与SOA的交互作用显著；情绪刺激类型、SOA与线索有效性三者之间的交互作用显著。根据本研究两个实验得到的结果，获得以下几点结论： 1.情绪刺激类型与SOA存在显著的交互作用，共同影响被试对靶刺激的反应； 2.go/no-go任务中，当情绪刺激为无刺激水平时，被试在SOA为200ms时的反应显著快于SOA为600ms时的反应；而当情绪刺激为积极和消极情绪刺激时，被试在SOA为200ms时的反应显著慢于SOA为600ms时的反应，表明情绪刺激出现在不同SOA条件下，对注意会产生不同的影响。 3.go/no-go任务中，当情绪刺激与靶刺激的时间间隔为200ms时，情绪刺激占用被试的注意资源，对被试的行为产生干扰作用，，导致被试的反应速度减慢。 4.go/no-go任务与线索靶子范式中，当情绪刺激与靶刺激的时间间隔为600ms时，情绪刺激对注意的干扰作用消退，情绪刺激对注意的增强效应出现，情绪刺激拓展注意范围，导致被试的反应速度加快。
[Abstract]:The influence of emotion on attention has always been a hot field in psychological research.According to attention resource theory, the appearance of emotional stimulation takes up individual attention resources, which makes it take longer for individuals to shift their attention from emotional stimulation back to target stimulus.Therefore, the appearance of emotional stimulation interferes with the response of target stimuli to the subjects. Lavie's perceptual load theory also suggests that individual attention resources are limited.Target stimuli receive less attention resources as other stimuli or tasks compete.However, according to Lee and Sternthal, emotional stimulation not only does not occupy attention resources, but also provides additional resources as cognitive energy to expand attention span and improve attention flexibility.In previous studies, there are two different views on the influence of emotion on attention, so when is the influence of emotion on attention expressed as interference and when is it manifested as promotion?Based on the analysis of literature, this study suggests that the influence of emotion on attention is related to the interval between emotional stimulation and task.Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of emotional stimulation on attention under different SOA conditions.Two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of emotional stimulation on attention under different SOA conditions.In experiment 1, go/no-go task was used to manipulate the SOA 200ms / 600 Ms, the types of emotional stimuli (non-stimuli, positive emotional stimuli, neutral emotional stimuli, negative emotional stimuli) and cues validity (cues were effective).The effects of emotion on attention were examined under different emotional stimuli and SOA conditions.The results showed that the main effect of cue-validity was significant, the interaction between emotional stimulus type and SOA was significant, and the interaction between emotional stimulus type and cue-validity was significant.Experiment 2 used the cue-target paradigm to manipulate the SOA 200ms / 600 Ms, the types of emotional stimuli (non-stimuli, positive emotional stimuli, neutral emotional stimuli, negative emotional stimuli) and cue-effectiveness (cues were effective).The effects of emotion on attention were examined under different emotional stimuli and SOA conditions.The results showed that the main effect of cue-validity was significant, the interaction between emotional stimulus type and SOA was significant, and the interaction between emotional stimulus type and cue-validity was significant.According to the results of the two experiments, the following conclusions are obtained:1.There was significant interaction between emotional stimuli and SOA, which affected the responses of subjects to target stimuli.In the 2.go/no-go task, the responses of subjects with SOA as 200ms were significantly faster than those with SOA as 600ms, while those with positive and negative emotional stimuli were positive and negative when the level of emotional stimulation was non-stimulative.The responses of subjects with SOA as 200ms were significantly slower than those with SOA as 600ms, indicating that emotional stimuli appeared in different SOA conditions and had different effects on attention.In the 3.go/no-go task, when the time interval between emotional stimulation and target stimulus was 200ms, emotional stimulation occupied the attention resources of the subjects, which interfered with the behavior of the subjects, resulting in a slower response rate.In the 4.go/no-go task and clue target paradigm, when the time interval between emotional stimulus and target stimulus is 600ms, the disturbance of emotional stimulus to attention dissipates, the enhancement effect of emotional stimulus on attention appears, and the range of attention is expanded by emotional stimulation.As a result, the reaction rate of the subjects was accelerated.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

【参考文献】