信息框架和解释水平对过分自信的影响

发布时间：2018-04-19 03:27

本文选题：信息框架 + 解释水平　；参考：《杭州师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：过分自信是个体在进行评价和判断时发生偏离校准,过高估计自己的能力,产生过度乐观的一种认知偏差。过分自信研究一直是社会心理学领域研究的重点内容。早期过分自信的研究大多关注人们的感受和比较过程的主观性,近年来,研究者开始重视客观环境和信息在过分自信中的作用,研究者已经证实信息的类型、正负性、清晰度等信息内容差异对过分自信有重要作用。但是,信息差异是更广泛存在的,信息框架是信息内容的不同呈现方式,是信息差异的重要体现。已有研究表明,信息框架对人们的判断与决策行为有重要影响。但是,信息框架对过分自信影响的研究结论还不明确。因此,本研究首先考虑信息框架对过分自信的影响。同时,信息框架并不是单一地对个体判断决策起作用,它往往还伴随个体特征变量共同作用于判断与决策。在个体认知判断的个体特征因素中,解释水平是研究者目前较为关注的重要因素。本研究将个体解释水平与信息框架结合在一起,考察信息框架与解释水平的匹配对过分自信中的影响。本研究包括二个行为实验研究。实验一以92名大学生为被试,采用实验法操纵信息框架(正面/负面)和反馈类型(积极/消极)两个变量,探讨不同信息框架给予的反馈对过分自信的影响。结果显示,信息框架和反馈类型对过分自信的作用差异显著,正面信息框架条件下的被试过分自信程度显著高于负面信息框架下的被试;积极反馈被试过分自信显著高于消极反馈被试。实验二以84名大学生为被试,通过操纵信息框架(正面/负面)和特质性解释水平(高/低)两个变量考察了信息框架和解释水平(特质性解释水平)之间的匹配效应,以及两者匹配和不匹配条件下过分自信的变化。结果表明,信息框架和个体的特质性解释水平存在匹配效应,当两者匹配时,被试的过分自信更为极端。根据本研究的结果,我们认为信息框架对过分自信有显著的影响;信息框架和解释水平之间存在匹配效应,共同影响过分自信,当两者匹配时,被试的过分自信更为极端。
[Abstract]:Over-confidence is a cognitive deviation in which individuals deviate from calibration and overestimate their ability to evaluate and judge.The study of overconfidence has always been the focus of research in the field of social psychology.In recent years, researchers have begun to attach importance to the role of objective environment and information in the process of overconfidence. Researchers have confirmed the type of information, positive and negative.Information content differences, such as clarity, play an important role in overconfidence.However, the information difference exists more widely, and the information frame is the different presentation way of the information content and the important embodiment of the information difference.Previous studies have shown that the information framework has an important impact on people's judgment and decision-making behavior.However, the effect of information framework on overconfidence is unclear.Therefore, this study first considers the influence of information framework on overconfidence.At the same time, the information framework does not play a single role in the individual judgment decision, it is often accompanied by individual characteristic variables in the judgment and decision-making.Among the individual characteristics of individual cognitive judgment, the level of interpretation is an important factor that researchers pay more attention to at present.In this study, the individual level of interpretation and the information framework are combined to investigate the effect of the matching of the information framework and the level of explanation on overconfidence.This study includes two behavioral experiments.In experiment one, 92 college students were used to manipulate information frame (positive / negative) and feedback type (positive / negative) to explore the influence of feedback given by different information framework on overconfidence.The results showed that the effects of information framework and feedback type on overconfidence were significantly different, and the degree of overconfidence in positive information frame was significantly higher than that in negative information frame.The subjects with positive feedback were significantly higher than those with negative feedback.In experiment 2, 84 college students were selected to investigate the matching effect between information framework and interpretation level (trait interpretation level) by manipulating information framework (positive / negative) and idiosyncratic interpretation (high / low).And the change of overconfidence under the condition of match and mismatch.The results show that there is a matching effect between the information frame and the individual's trait interpretation level, and when the two match, the participants' overconfidence is more extreme.According to the results of this study, we believe that the information framework has a significant impact on overconfidence, and that there is a matching effect between the information framework and the level of explanation, which affects overconfidence together, and when the two match, the participants' overconfidence is more extreme.
【学位授予单位】：杭州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B842

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