数量动态变化方向影响时间知觉的实验研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 23:04

本文选题：数量动态变化 + 数量累加　；参考：《华中师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来许多研究都表明数量加工和时间知觉具有密切的联系。任务不相关的数量数字刺激容易对时间知觉产生干扰效应：大数量或大数字通常导致时间高估现象,而小数量或小数字导致时间低估现象；小数字更容易被知觉到早于大数字呈现等等。数量理论(the theory of magnitude)和模式控制模型(Mode control model)都假定大脑都以某种共同的累加原则来对时间信息和数量信息进行加工,并且认为数量和时间加工可能存在部分共享的神经机制MeckChurch,1983; Walsh,2003)。模式控制模型认为大脑能同时进行计数和计时,计时和计数共用起搏器并发放一定频率的时间和数量脉冲,经过计时和计数开关,最终存储在相应的计时累加器和计数累加器中。其中,时间脉冲累加过程是连续的而数量脉冲的累加过程是离散的。该理论详细描述了大脑进行计时和计数的过程,但是它并没有阐述在此过程中数量和时间是怎样相互干扰和影响的。虽然大量的研究都对数量加工和时间知觉之间的关系进行了探索,但是鲜有研究关注数量的动态变化方向对时间知觉是否存在影响以及探讨数量和时间干扰效应发生的深层次认知机制。数量变化方向通常是双向的,即数量累加和数量累减,而时间变化是方向则是单一的。因此,本研究以动态随机点为实验材料,采用恒定刺激法和时间比较范式,通过三个行为实验考察数量动态变化方向对时间知觉影响的认知机制。实验一以动态随机点在时间进程上的数量累加和累减探讨数量实时动态变化方向对时间知觉的影响。三个实验条件,分别为数量累加点,数量累减点和恒定数量的随机点。三种条件下平均数量大小保持一致。结果表明,数量累加点和数量累减点的时间估计值存在显著差异,累加点相比于累减点导致时间高估。实验一的结果表明数量变化方向能够影响时间知觉,数量加工和时间加工存在密切的关联。实验二通过平衡动态随机点的变化方向,探讨数量变化转折方向对时间知觉的影响。三个实验条件,分别为先累加后累减点,先累减后累加点以及随机方向变化点。结果发现,数量转折方向的不同导致时间估计值的显著不同：数量由累减方向变为累加方向的情况下的时间估计值显著高于数量由累加方向转为累减方向,随机方向变化点的时间估计值显著高于另外两组。实验二表明了不同的数量变化方向影响时间知觉的机制是通过改变计时开关的属性实现的：相比于数量累加方式,数量累减变化更易影响计时开关的属性,从而导致时间累加器中脉冲数目减少,低估客观时间。实验三将动态随机点和任务加以空间分离,即以动态随机点为外围背景(任务无关刺激),同时对中心静止客体(任务相关刺激)进行时间估计,考察动态随机点变化方向对时间知觉的干扰效应是否可以发生在空间分离的客体上。结果发现,在空间分离条件下,静止客体的时间知觉依然受到任务无关的、包含数量动态变化的背景刺激的影响。实验三表明大脑提取数量信息的方式具有高度的自动化加工特点,当数量信息为任务无关刺激时依然能对时间判断造成干扰。
[Abstract]:In recent years , many studies have shown that quantitative processing and time perception have a close link . The number of tasks unrelated to the task tends to produce an interference effect on time perception : large numbers or large numbers usually lead to time overvaluation , while small numbers or small numbers result in time undervaluation ;
Small numbers are more likely to be perceived earlier than large numbers . Both theory of magnitude and Mode control model assume that both the brain processes time information and quantity information with some common accumulation principle , and that quantitative and temporal processing may have some shared neural mechanisms MeckChurch , 1983 ; Walsh , 2003 ) . The model considers that the brain can count and count simultaneously , count and count the time and number of pulses that share the pacemaker and release a certain frequency . The time pulse accumulation process is continuous and the accumulation process of the number pulses is discrete .

The effects of real - time dynamic change direction on time perception in real - time dynamic random points are studied . The three experimental conditions are as follows : the number accumulation points , the number accumulation points and the constant number of random points . The results show that there is a significant difference in the time estimates of the number accumulation points and the number accumulation points . The results show that the quantitative change direction can influence the time perception , the quantity processing and the time processing have close correlation .

The results show that the time estimate in the direction of the change of quantity is significantly different from that of the other two groups . The results show that the time estimate in the direction of change of quantity is significantly different from that of the other two groups . The results show that the time estimate of the change direction of the quantity is significantly higher than that of the other two groups . The experiment 2 shows that the change of quantity is more apt to affect the properties of the timing switch than the quantity accumulation mode , which results in the reduction of the number of pulses in the time accumulator and the underestimation of the objective time .

In this paper , the dynamic random points and tasks are spatially separated , that is , the dynamic random point is the peripheral background ( task - independent stimulation ) , and the central stationary object ( task - related stimulus ) is estimated .

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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