情绪效价对错误记忆发展性逆转的影响

发布时间：2018-04-24 05:07

本文选题：错误记忆 + 发展性逆转　；参考：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：错误记忆的发展性逆转是指在一定条件下错误记忆随着年龄的增长而增长的现象。虽然这个效应已经被众多研究所证实,但是研究者目前更感兴趣的是对于具有情绪效价的实验材料,这一效应是否依然存在。目前关于情绪效价对错误记忆发展性逆转影响的研究结果并不一致,并且对于情绪影响不同年龄儿童错误记忆背后的认知机制也有待更进一步的探讨。针对以上问题,本研究用两个实验来探讨情绪效价对错误记忆发展性逆转的影响及其背后的认知机制。为了能使研究结果与以往研究进行直接对比,实验材料引用了经典的DRM中性词表和负性词表。实验一采用DRM范式,在这个实验范式中,学习阶段要求被试识记一系列语义相关的单词(例如床铺、做梦、打盹、疲倦、夜晚、睡醒、休息),并且这些单词的语义均指向一个关键诱饵单词(睡觉),但是这个关键诱饵在学习阶段并不呈现,在之后的回忆或者再认测验阶段,被试对关键诱饵的虚报率非常高。研究选取了7-8岁,11-12岁的儿童与18-20岁的青年成人。实验结果表明,年龄主效应显著,情绪效价主效应显著,年龄和情绪效价的交互作用不显著。实验二为了探索不同年龄儿童情绪错误记忆背后的认知加工机制,采用了简化的联合再认范式,也就是DRM范式的变式,两个范式的差异主要体现在再认阶段,当被试对出现的词汇反应为“否”时,会再问一个问题,“是否与学过词有语义相关”?并且结合多项式加工树建模的统计方法对错误记忆的认知加工过程进行建模和参数估计。实验结果表明,年龄主效应显著,情绪效价主效应显著,年龄和情绪效价的交互作用显著。并且,对于不同年龄儿童情绪影响错误记忆的认知机制也是不同的。研究得到以下结论:第一,在DRM范式下,负性错误记忆也随着年龄的增长而增加,遵循错误记忆发展性逆转的趋势。第二,在简化的联合再认范式下,负性错误记忆随年龄增长而增长的趋势只存在于7-8岁与11-12岁之间,在11-12岁与18-20岁之间这种增长现象消失了。关于情绪错误记忆的认知机制,不同年龄的儿童也是不同的,具体表现为,7-8岁儿童负性错误记忆多于中性错误记忆是因为负性词汇导致了更强的要义记忆,11-12岁儿童负性错误记忆多于中性错误记忆是反应偏向作用的结果,而对于18-20岁的青年成人,表现出了负性错误记忆少于中性错误记忆的倾向,并且几乎没有受到要义记忆的影响,仅仅是反应偏向作用的结果。
[Abstract]:The developmental reversal of false memory refers to the phenomenon that false memory increases with age under certain conditions. Although this effect has been confirmed by many studies, researchers are now more interested in whether the effect still exists in experimental materials with emotional titer. At present, the effect of emotion titer on the developmental reversal of false memory is not consistent, and the cognitive mechanism behind emotional influence on false memory in children of different ages needs to be further explored. In view of the above problems, this study uses two experiments to explore the effect of emotion titer on the developmental reversal of false memory and the cognitive mechanism behind it. In order to directly compare the results with previous studies, the classical DRM neutral word table and negative lexical table were used in the experiment. Experiment 1 uses the DRM paradigm, in which subjects are asked to memorize a series of semantically related words (such as bed, dreaming, napping, tiredness, night, waking up). Rest, and the semantics of these words all point to a key decoy word (Sleepy, but this key bait does not appear in the learning stage, in the later recall or recognition test stage, the participants of the key bait false report rate is very high. Children aged 7-8-11-12 and young adults aged 18-20 were selected. The results showed that the main effect of age was significant, the main effect of emotional titer was significant, and the interaction between age and emotional titer was not significant. In experiment two, in order to explore the cognitive processing mechanism behind emotional false memory in children of different ages, the simplified joint recognition paradigm, or the variant of DRM paradigm, is adopted. The difference between the two paradigms is mainly reflected in the recognition stage. When the subjects responded "no" to the words that appeared, they were asked again, "is it related to the semantics of the words learned"? Combining the statistical method of polynomial machining tree modeling, the cognitive processing process of false memory is modeled and the parameters are estimated. The results showed that the main effect of age was significant, the main effect of emotional titer was significant, and the interaction of age and emotional titer was significant. Moreover, the cognitive mechanisms of emotional effects on false memory in children of different ages are also different. The conclusions are as follows: first, under DRM paradigm, negative false memory also increases with age, following the trend of developmental reversal of false memory. Secondly, under the simplified joint recognition paradigm, the increasing trend of negative false memory with increasing age only exists between 7-8 and 11-12 years old, and disappears between 11-12 and 18-20 years old. Regarding the cognitive mechanism of emotional false memory, children of different ages are also different. The specific manifestation is that negative false memory is more than neutral false memory in children aged 7-8 because negative vocabulary leads to stronger meaning memory. Negative false memory more than neutral false memory in 11-12 years old is the result of reaction bias. For the young adults aged 18-20 years, the negative false memory was less than the neutral false memory, and it was almost unaffected by the semantic memory, which was only the result of the reaction bias.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3

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