老化相关刻板印象对老年人工作记忆和前瞻记忆的影响

发布时间：2018-04-26 18:02

本文选题：人口老龄化 + 群体老化刻板印象　；参考：《上海师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：老年人各方面身体机能尤其是记忆会随着年龄增长而出现下降。相关研究揭示除了年龄会影响个体记忆能力之外,老化相关刻板印象也会影响老年人的记忆。但以往相关研究都只是探究自由回忆、错误记忆,图片记忆等回溯记忆类型,很少关注老化相关刻板印象对老年人工作记忆和前瞻记忆的影响。回溯记忆代表对过去已发生事情的一种记忆；工作记忆是指对当前正在发生任务的一种记忆；而前瞻记忆是指对没有发生,但即将要发生的事情的记忆。既然老化相关刻板印象会影响老年人回溯记忆的表现,那么是否工作记忆和前瞻记忆也会受到影响?本研究拟从社会认知的角度出发探究老化相关刻板印象对老年人工作记忆和前瞻记忆的影响；同时探究中国文化背景下老年人的群体老化刻板印象及其影响因素。实验1主要探究中国文化背景下老年人的群体老化刻板印象及性别、年龄、受教育程度对刻板印象的影响；实验2探究群体老化刻板印象和自我老化刻板印象对老年人工作记忆的影响；实验3探究群体老化刻板印象和自我老化刻板印象对老年人前瞻记忆的而影响。研究结果显示：(1)中国文化背景下的老年人的群体老化刻板印象更加积极；(2)受教育程度更高,老年人的群体老化刻板印象更加的消极；(3)年龄越大,老年人的群体老化刻板印象越消极；(4)持有积极群体老化刻板印象的老年人工作记忆容量高于持有消极群体老化刻板印象的老年人；(5)积极自我老化刻板印象的启动有助于提高老年人的工作记忆水平；(6)积极自我老化刻板印象的启动可以提高老年人进行中任务的反应时；而消极自我老化刻板印象的启动会对老年被试进行中任务的表现产生不利的影响;(7)消极自我老化刻板印象启动更有利于老年人前瞻记忆的提升；(8)积极群体老化刻板印象对积极自我老化刻板印象的易感性更强,而消极群体老化刻板印象则对消极自我老化刻板印象的易感性更强。
[Abstract]:All aspects of the body function of the elderly, especially memory, will decline with age. In addition to the influence of age on individual memory, aging related stereotypes also affect the memory of the elderly. However, previous studies have only explored the types of retrospective memory such as free memory, false memory, picture memory and so on, and little attention has been paid to the effects of aging related stereotypes on working memory and prospective memory in the elderly. Retrospective memory represents a memory of something that has happened in the past; working memory is a memory of a task that is currently occurring; and prospective memory is a memory of something that has not happened but is about to happen. Since aging related stereotypes affect the performance of retroactive memory in the elderly, will working memory and prospective memory also be affected? This study aims to explore the effects of aging related stereotypes on the working memory and prospective memory of the elderly from the perspective of social cognition, and to explore the group aging stereotype and its influencing factors in the context of Chinese culture. Experiment 1 mainly explores the influence of group aging stereotype, gender, age and education level on the stereotype of the elderly in Chinese cultural background. Experiment 2 explored the effects of group aging stereotype and self-aging stereotype on the working memory of the elderly, and experiment 3 explored the effect of group aging stereotype and self-aging stereotype on the prospective memory of the elderly. The results of the study show that the group aging stereotype of the elderly in Chinese cultural background is more positive and the education level is higher, and the older the group aging stereotype is, the more negative the group aging stereotype is. (3) the older the group aging stereotype is, the more positive the group aging stereotype is. (4) the working memory capacity of the elderly with positive group aging stereotype is higher than that of the elderly with negative group aging stereotype. It is helpful to improve the working memory level of the elderly. (6) the initiation of positive self-aging stereotype can improve the response time of the elderly to the task in progress; However, the initiation of negative self-aging stereotype will have a negative impact on the performance of ongoing tasks in the elderly subjects.) the activation of negative self-aging stereotype is more conducive to the improvement of prospective memory in the elderly. Plate impression is more susceptible to positive self-aging stereotype, Negative group aging stereotype is more susceptible to negative self-aging stereotype.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B844.4

【参考文献】