毕生视角下的错误记忆研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 06:14

本文选题：错误记忆 + 年龄　；参考：《华东师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：错误记忆是指识记的事实与个体的记忆内容发生偏离的心理现象,这种现象在我们的现实生活中也经常发生。在影响错误记忆的诸多因素的研究中,关于呈现通道(视觉呈现、听觉呈现)和主动建构的项目特异性加工(即说出每个呈现项目的独特特征)对错误记忆影响的研究还相当匮乏,而已有的这些研究也多集中于对成人被试的探讨,鲜少关注到儿童和老年人。因此,本研究从毕生的视角出发,选取了儿童、成年人、老年人三个年龄群体的被试,在DRM范式下探讨了呈现通道和主动建构的项目特异性加工对错误记忆的影响。本研究一共包括两个实验。实验一以30名儿童(平均年龄10.9)、30名成人(平均年龄22.2)和30名老年人(平均年龄67.2)为被试,将呈现通道作为被试内变量,探讨了年龄和呈现通道对错误再认成绩的影响；实验二以实验一为对照组,在此基础上加入了项目特异性加工的实验处理,并增加了30名儿童(平均年龄10.9)、30名成人(平均年龄20.5)和30名老年人(平均年龄69.6)作为项目特异性加工组被试,研究了项目特异性加工对错误再认成绩的影响及其作用机制,并进一步分析了其与呈现通道的交互作用。总的研究结果概括如下： (1)错误记忆表现出年龄差异,儿童的错误再认水平显著低于成年人,而老年人与成年人之间差异不显著； (2)儿童与成人被试在听觉通道下的错误记忆显著高于视觉通道下,老年被试在视听通道下无差异； (3)主动建构的项目特异性加工同时提高了成人被试的正确记忆和错误记忆水平,对儿童与老年被试的正确记忆和错误记忆也产生了相同形式的影响,但这种影响较小； (4)主动建构的项目特异性加工与呈现通道间不存在显著的交互作用,即项目特异性加工并未弱化呈现通道间的错误记忆差异； (5)主动建构的项目特异性加工对错误记忆的影响是编码阶段与提取阶段协同作用的结果。
[Abstract]:False memory refers to the psychological phenomenon that the facts of memory deviate from the content of individual memory, which often occurs in our real life. In the study of the many factors that influence false memory, the presentation channel (visual presentation, visual presentation, Auditory presentation) and proactively constructed project-specific processing (that is, to say the unique characteristics of each presentation item) on the impact of false memory is still relatively scarce, and most of these studies have focused on the adult subjects. Little attention is paid to children and the elderly. Therefore, from a lifelong perspective, this study selected three age groups of children, adults and the elderly to explore the impact of presentation channels and project-specific processing on false memory under the DRM paradigm. This study consists of two experiments. In experiment one, 30 children (average age 10.9 years old) and 30 elderly people (mean age 67.2 years) were selected as subjects, and the influence of age and presentation channel on the achievement of false recognition was studied. In the second experiment, experiment one was taken as the control group, and on this basis, the experimental treatment of project-specific processing was added. Thirty children (average age 10.9 years) and 30 old people (average age 69.6) were added as subjects of item specific processing group. The effects of item specific processing on false recognition and its mechanism were studied. The interaction between it and the presentation channel is further analyzed. The overall findings are summarized as follows: (1) false memory showed age difference, the level of false recognition in children was significantly lower than that in adults, but there was no significant difference between the elderly and adults; (2) the false memory of children and adults under auditory channel was significantly higher than that under visual channel, but there was no difference between the elderly and the elderly in audiovisual channel. (3) the project specific processing of active construction also improved the correct memory and false memory of adult subjects, and had the same effect on the correct memory and false memory of children and elderly subjects, but this effect was small; (4) there is no significant interaction between project-specific processing and presentation channel, that is, project-specific processing does not weaken the error memory difference between presentation channels; 5) the effect of item specific processing of active construction on false memory is the result of synergistic effect between coding stage and extraction stage.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.3

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