不同具体情绪对个体道德决策的影响

发布时间：2018-04-29 09:43

本文选题：情绪 + 道德决策　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：以往研究发现诱发不同的情绪不仅影响被试随后的道德决策原则,还会影响被试的行为倾向;此外研究还发现不同情绪会对特定的道德领域产生特异性的影响。但是在以往研究中,虽然有研究者基于情绪的评价理论选取情绪进行研究,但只是零散地选取部分情绪,并没有系统地对情绪进行检验;而且研究者在选取道德困境材料时,多基于Greene的实验材料选取模拟的生死困境问题,与现实脱离,实用价值低。本研究主要通过三个混合实验探讨诱发不同的具体情绪对个体利他行为和利己行为的影响。首先,我们选取情绪评价理论的认知评价维度理论中比较重要的效价、责任和确定性三个维度,并基于此三个维度选取六种不同的具体情绪。其次,我们基于Haidt道德五基础理论的最新研究以及我国当前社会关注较多的道德问题,以与人们生活息息相关的关爱、诚信和职业道德三个领域的道德困境为实验材料。实验中采用自传体回忆方法诱发被试相应的情绪,随后完成关爱、诚信以及职业道德领域中的道德决策任务。为防止被试在进行作答时有意凸显自己的优良品质,实验中对被试的一般社会赞许性倾向进行测量,并将其作为协变量进行分析。结果分析发现:(1)除愤怒情绪外,效价维度不同的情绪对个体道德决策的影响没有显著差异;确定性维度不同的情绪对个体道德决策的影响没有显著差异;责任维度不同的情绪对个体道德决策的影响也没有显著差异,情绪的认知评价维度理论无法对此进行解释。(2)愤怒情绪与自豪、感激、厌恶、恐惧、羞耻、中性任意一种情绪相比,对个体道德决策的影响差异显著。愤怒情绪下,被试在关爱领域中的利他主义行为倾向显著低于其他情绪下被试的利他主义行为倾向。(3)困境类型显著影响被试的道德决策,诚信领域中的利己主义行为倾向显著低于关爱和职业道德领域,关爱领域中的利他主义行为倾向显著低于诚信和职业道德领域。情绪评价理论中的核心评价主题可以对此进行更好的解释,不同情绪强调了不同的社会道德关注,会引发不同的道德判断,进而导致个体不同的道德决策。这一结果符合当前中国的社会现实。
[Abstract]:Previous studies found that eliciting different emotions not only affected the subjects' moral decision-making principles, but also affected the subjects' behavioral tendency. In addition, it was also found that different emotions had a specific effect on a specific moral field. However, in the previous studies, although some researchers selected emotion based on the evaluation theory of emotion, but only selected a part of the emotion, and did not systematically test the emotion; moreover, when selecting the material of moral dilemma, the researcher chose the material of moral dilemma. The problem of life and death dilemma of many experimental materials based on Greene is divorced from reality, which is of low practical value. In this study, three mixed experiments were conducted to explore the effects of inducing different specific emotions on individual altruistic behavior and egoism behavior. First of all, we select the three dimensions of cognitive evaluation dimension of emotional evaluation theory, namely, price, responsibility and certainty, and choose six different specific emotions based on these three dimensions. Secondly, based on the latest research of the five basic theories of Haidt morality and the moral problems that our society pays more attention to at present, we take the moral dilemma in the three fields of care, honesty and professional ethics, which is closely related to people's life, as the experimental material. In the experiment, autobiographical recall method was used to induce the corresponding emotion of the subjects, and then completed the tasks of moral decision-making in the fields of care, honesty and professional ethics. In order to prevent the subjects from deliberately highlighting their excellent qualities, the general social positive tendency of the subjects was measured and analyzed as a covariable. Results: (1) except angry emotion, there was no significant difference in the influence of different emotion on individual moral decision, and there was no significant difference in the influence of different emotion in deterministic dimension on individual moral decision. There is no significant difference in the influence of different emotions in responsibility dimension on individual moral decision-making. The cognitive evaluation theory of emotion can not explain this.) anger and pride, gratitude, disgust, fear, shame, etc. There are significant differences in the influence of any neutral emotion on individual moral decision-making. In anger, the altruistic behavior tendency of subjects in the field of care was significantly lower than that of other emotions.) Dilemma type significantly affected the subjects' moral decision-making. Egoism in the field of honesty is significantly lower than that in the field of love and professional ethics, and altruism in the field of love is significantly lower than that in the field of integrity and professional ethics. The core theme of emotional evaluation theory can be better explained. Different emotions emphasize different social moral concerns, which will lead to different moral judgments, and lead to different individual moral decisions. This result is in line with the current social reality in China.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.6

【参考文献】