精神分裂症患者面孔整体加工与执行功能的相关性

发布时间：2018-04-29 22:39

本文选题：精神分裂症 + 面孔识别　；参考：《安徽医科大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：正常成年人对面孔的加工复杂而精细，有别于其他物体，存在整体加工的倾向，在人际交往中有不可忽视的作用；为实现某一特定目标而采取的多重认知加工协同操作的执行能力，使得诸多繁杂的日常活动可以顺利进行。精神分裂症患者存在广泛的认知缺陷，其视觉加工和执行功能的损伤严重影响到其日常生活和社会交往活动。患者执行功能受损已被国内外众多研究所证实，而目前对面孔整体加工能力的研究尚少，这一领域正逐步发展为学者们关注的热点问题。精神分裂症患者对面孔的加工究竟是整体加工还是局部加工，这是一个值得探讨的问题，面孔整体加工和执行功能同为认知的一部分，二者间是否存在相关性，尚未有明确的研究证实。因此，本研究比较精神分裂症患者与正常人对面孔的整体加工是否存在差异，并探讨面孔整体加工能力与以认知灵活性和工作记忆为指标的执行功能间的相关性。方法：采用方便取样，选取安徽省精神卫生中心就诊的56名未用药精神分裂症患者和所在社区的54名正常被试进行测试，采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评估患者的精神症状，合成面孔任务（CFT）评估被试的面孔整体加工情况，统计合成面孔效应分数（CFEs）、面孔识别的正确率和平均反应时；同时做威斯康辛卡片分类任务（WCST）和数字广度测验（DS）评估，以持续性错误数和DS得分作为分析被试执行功能的指标；对面孔整体加工和执行功能相关性作Spearman相关分析。结果：患者组CFT的合成面孔效应分数（CFEs）[(-2.75±0.72)分]、面孔识别正确率[(68.13±17.26)%]和DS得分[(19.73±4.38)分]低于正常组[分别为：(0.14±0.58)分、（83.61±10.48)%和(24.33±2.08)分]，CFT的平均反应时[(7015±3685)ms]和WCST的持续性错误数[(27.45±15.67)个]高于正常组[分别为：(4095±1883)ms和(11.93±8.87)个]，差异有统计学意义（P0.05～0.01）；患者组SM和SA情况下的正确率和平均反应时差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)，，正常组SM情况下的正确率高于SA，差异有统计学意义（r=2.364，P=0.020）；CFT正确率与PANSS总分（r=-0.491，P0.01）和阴性症状分（r=-0.312，P0.05）呈负相关，DS得分与PANSS总分（r=-0.299，P0.05）呈负相关，其余各项与PANSS得分的相关性均无统计学意义；患者组CFT的正确率与WCST的持续性错误数（r=-0.339，P0.01）和DS得分（r=0.314，P0.05）显著相关，CFT的CFEs和平均反应时与WCST的持续性错误数和DS得分的相关性无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论：精神分裂症患者对面孔的整体加工受损，有局部加工倾向；患者面孔识别的正确率低于正常人，可能与其认知灵活性和工作记忆等执行功能受损有关；患者面孔加工策略的倾向性与执行功能的关系有待进一步探讨。
[Abstract]:Objective: normal adult face processing is complex and fine, different from other objects, there is a tendency of overall processing, which can not be ignored in interpersonal communication; In order to achieve a specific goal, the execution ability of multi-cognitive processing cooperative operation makes a lot of complex daily activities can be carried out smoothly. Schizophrenia patients have a wide range of cognitive defects, their visual processing and executive function damage seriously affect their daily life and social interaction activities. The study of patients' executive function impairment has been confirmed by many researches at home and abroad, but at present, there are few researches on the whole face processing ability, and this field is gradually developing into a hot issue that scholars pay attention to. It is worth discussing whether the face processing in schizophrenic patients is a whole process or a partial processing. The whole face processing and the executive function are both part of cognition, and whether there is a correlation between the two. No clear research has confirmed it. Therefore, this study compared whether there were differences in the overall face processing between the schizophrenic patients and the normal people, and explored the correlation between the overall face processing ability and the executive function, which was characterized by cognitive flexibility and working memory. Methods: 56 untreated schizophrenic patients in Anhui Mental Health Center and 54 normal subjects in their community were tested by convenient sampling. The positive and negative symptoms scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the mental symptoms of the patients. The synthetic face task (CFT) was used to evaluate the overall face processing of the subjects, and the scores of face effect (CFE), the correct rate and average response time of face recognition, and the Wisconsin card sorting task (WCST) and the number span test (DSDS) were analyzed. The persistent error number and DS score were used as the indicators to analyze the executive function of the subjects, and the Spearman correlation analysis was made on the correlation between the overall face processing and the executive function. Results: the scores of synthetic face effect scores (CFES), correct rate of face recognition [68.13 卤17.26%] and DS score (19.73 卤4.38) of CFT in the patients group were lower than those in the normal group (83.61 卤10.48% and 24.33 卤2.08, respectively). The mean response time of CFT was higher than that of the normal group [68.13 卤17.26%] and WCST (27.45 卤15.67). There was significant difference in the accuracy rate and average reaction time of SM and SA in the normal group (4.095 卤1883)ms and 11.93 卤8.87, respectively), but the correct rate in SM and SA in the normal group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. The correct rate of PANSS was negatively correlated with the total score of PANSS (r = 0.491P 0.01) and the score of negative symptoms (r = 0.312P 0.05). The DS score was negatively correlated with the total score of PANSS (r = 0.299n, P 0.05). The correlation between other items and PANSS score was not statistically significant. There was no significant correlation between the correct rate of CFT and the number of persistent errors in WCST (P 0.01) and the scores of DS (r = 0.314P 0.05). There was no significant correlation between CFEs and mean response time of CFT and the number of persistent errors in WCST and the scores of DS. There was no significant correlation between the accuracy rate of CFT and the number of persistent errors in WCST and DS scores. Conclusion: the patients with schizophrenia have the tendency of local processing, and the correct rate of face recognition is lower than that of normal people, which may be related to the impairment of their cognitive flexibility and working memory. The relationship between the tendency of face processing strategy and executive function needs to be further explored.
【学位授予单位】：安徽医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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