群体印象形成与个体印象形成:反基准比率效应

发布时间：2018-05-04 03:18

本文选题：群体印象形成 + 个体印象形成　；参考：《心理学报》2014年11期

【摘要】：采用"反基准比率效应"范式考察在群体印象形成与个体印象形成两种认知加工过程中,基准比率对印象形成过程及其结果的影响。被试分别为39名19~25岁大学生(实验1:男生17名,女生22名,均为右利手)以及46名19~25岁大学生(实验2:男生21名,女生25名,均为右利手)。结果发现:无论是群体印象形成还是个体印象形成,在学习阶段,知觉者都能准确认知各类事件间的关系,但会优先建构高频事件间的联结。而在测试阶段,当低频事件与高频事件同时出现时,知觉者发生明显关系误判,即以反基准比率的倾向高估低频事件间的联结强度。实验表明群体与个体印象形成过程中都会产生反基准比率效应这样的加工偏差,进而初步揭示反基准比率现象在社会信息加工领域具有一定的普遍性。
[Abstract]:The "anti-benchmark ratio effect" paradigm is used to investigate the influence of the benchmark ratio on the impression formation process and its outcome in the two cognitive processes of group impression formation and individual impression formation. The subjects were 39 college students aged 19 ~ 25 years (experiment 1: 17 male students, 22 female students, all right-handed) and 46 19- and 25-year-old college students (experiment 2: 21 male students and 25 female students, all right handedness). The results show that both group impression formation and individual impression formation can accurately recognize the relationship between various events in the learning stage, but preferentially construct the association between high frequency events. In the testing stage, when the low frequency event and the high frequency event appear simultaneously, the perceptual person has the obvious relation misjudgment, that is, overestimating the connection intensity between the low frequency events with the tendency of the inverse benchmark ratio. The experiment shows that the processing deviation of anti-benchmark ratio effect will occur in the process of formation of group and individual impression, and the phenomenon of anti-benchmark ratio has certain universality in the field of social information processing.
【作者单位】：上海师范大学教育学院;宁夏大学教育学院;
【基金】：教育部新世纪优秀人才计划项目“多重社会范畴的加工机制” 教育部人文社科一般项目青年基金项目“加工偏差视角下的个体与群体印象形成机制相似性比较研究”(项目批准号14XJC190002)
【分类号】：B848

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