权力行使的神经基础：来自EEG和fMRI的证据

发布时间：2018-05-09 08:07

本文选题：权力行使 + 感觉运动区　；参考：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：权力意味着对他人进行操纵与控制,它是社会科学里面的一个最基本和核心的概念,对我们的社会生活有着重大且深刻的影响。以往对于权力的研究主要集中在权力的知觉表征以及后续的心理行为效应两个方面,例如研究发现了权力的知觉表征分布在垂直空间上,与垂直空间上的位置和高度有关联,权力对后续的社会认知、社会情感以及社会行为都会产生相应的影响等。但是以往研究忽略了权力本身的最基本核心的过程——权力行使。我们的研究分别采用了 EEG和fMRI技术来探讨权力行使的神经基础。研究一的目的是采用脑电图(electroencephalograph, EEG)技术考察权力行使过程中大脑的神经机制,使用改进的权力事件回忆范式,分析结果基于32名被试的脑电数据。对a波的频谱分析显示:当被试代入行使权力事件的过程中时,左侧额叶的a波功率显著低于右侧额叶;当被试代入被行使权力事件的过程中时,左右两侧额叶的a波功率差异不显著。对a波的溯源分析结果显示,被试行使权力时主要激活左侧额内侧回(BA9/10)和左侧前扣带回(BA32)等部位,被试被行使权力时主要激活右侧额内侧回(BA 10)和右侧前扣带回(BA32)等部位。研究二的目的是使用功能性磁共振成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI)技术考察权力行使过程中大脑的神经机制,采用为fMRI实验特性而做出改进的多回合情境想象角色扮演范式,分析结果基于21名被试的磁共振成像数据。结果显示,在被试想象行使权力时主要激活了左侧中央前回(BA 3/4)、左侧中央后回(BA3)以及双侧枕颞区(BA 19/37)等部位,在被试想象被行使权力时主要激活了双侧枕颞区(BA 19/37)、左侧额内侧回(BA9/10)以及左侧额下回岛盖部(BA44/13)等部位。研究结果主要发现了顶叶感觉运动区和前额叶区在权力行使/被行使过程中得到了激活。感觉运动区的激活支持了具身认知理论,即把抽象的权力行使行为加工为具身的肢体操纵控制行为;前额叶区的激活支持了权力的接近-抑制理论,提供了在不同权力条件下个体产生接近和抑制倾向的生理来源。此外,研究还可能涉及到顶叶的社会功能假说以及枕颞区参与权力识别与判断等方面,这也说明了权力行使是一个复杂的过程,有别于以往研究认为的额叶偏侧优势模型,而是需要大脑各部位共同参与,也就是权力行使的全脑模型。
[Abstract]:Power means to manipulate and control others. It is one of the most basic and core concepts in social science. It has a great and profound influence on our social life. In the past, the study of power mainly focused on two aspects: the perceptual representation of power and the follow-up effect of psychological action, for example, the study found power. The perceptual representation is distributed in the vertical space, which is associated with the position and height in the vertical space. Power has a corresponding influence on the subsequent social cognition, social emotion and social behavior. However, the previous research neglected the most basic core process of power itself - the exercise of power. Our research adopted EEG respectively. And fMRI technology to explore the neural basis of exercise of power. The purpose of the study is to use electroencephalograph (EEG) to examine the neural mechanism of the brain during the exercise of power, using an improved power event recall paradigm, and analysis of the results based on the EEG data of 32 subjects. The spectrum analysis of the a wave shows that the subjects are replaced by the subjects. In the process of exercising power, the a wave power of the left frontal lobe was significantly lower than the right frontal lobe; when the subjects were replaced by the exercise of power events, the a wave power difference between the left and right frontal lobes was not significant. The traceability analysis of the a wave showed that the left frontal medial gyrus (BA9/10) and the left anterior cingulate gyrus were mainly activated when the power was tried. BA32) and other parts, the subjects were exercised to activate the right side of the medial frontal gyrus (BA 10) and the right anterior cingulate gyrus (BA32). The purpose of study two was to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI) to examine the neural mechanism of the brain during the exercise of power, and to make it a characteristic of fMRI experiment. The improved multi round situational imaginary role playing paradigm was based on 21 subjects' magnetic resonance imaging data. The results showed that the left central precentral gyrus (BA 3/4), the left posterior central posterior gyrus (BA3) and the bilateral occipital temporal region (BA 19/ 37) were mainly activated when the subjects imagined the exercise of power. Both the bilateral occipital temporal region (BA 19/37), the left medial frontal gyrus (BA9/10) and the left inferior frontal gyrus cover (BA44/13) were found. The results mainly found that the parietal sensory and prefrontal areas were activated in the exercise / exercise process. The activation of the sensorimotor area supports the theory of physical cognition, that is, the exercise of abstract power. The activation of the prefrontal cortex supports the proximity inhibition theory of power, providing a physiological source of proximity and inhibition of individuals under different power conditions. Furthermore, the study may also involve the social function hypothesis of the parietal lobe and the involvement of the occipital temporal region in the recognition and judgment of power, It also shows that the exercise of power is a complex process, which is different from the frontal lateral dominance model of the frontal lobe, but requires the joint participation of all parts of the brain, that is, the whole brain model of the exercise of power.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

【参考文献】