情绪效价影响空间Simon效应的认知加工机制

发布时间：2018-05-09 22:16

本文选题：Simon效应 + 语音反应　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：刺激-反应相容性(Stimulus-Response Compatibility, SRC)是认知心理学研究领域的一个热点研究现象。Simon效应是刺激-反应相容性效应的经典范例,Simon效应指即使刺激空间位置是无关维度,也会对个体反应结果产生影响的现象。即当刺激空间信息和要求反应的空间信息一致时,个体的反应要好于两者不一致条件时的反应,具体表现为反应时更短、正确率更高。以往研究表明Simon效应会受到刺激类型、呈现方式、反应方式、反应策略、认知负荷等客观因素的影响。同时,有研究已经证明情绪会影响Stroop效应和Flanker效应等认知冲突,那么情绪作为一种主观因素也可能会对空间Simon效应产生影响,如人们会基于自身的身体构造及同环境的互动经验而形成左右空间情感效价关联模式,但是这种空间情感效价关联模式无法排除反应手在其中的作用。鉴于此,本研究将采用口头报告的反应方式,同时控制情绪的唤醒度,来研究情绪效价对空间Simon效应的影响。对此问题的深入研究不仅可以深入了解人类认知信息加工的机制,而且有助于设计出更加人性化的人机系统和帮助员工进行情绪调节从而优化生产管理。本研究采用语音反应的方式通过三个实验来揭示刺激的无关维度——情绪效价对空间Simon效应产生影响的机制。实验一采用口头报告的Simon任务来验证语音反应方式下能否产生空间Simon效应；实验二在实验一基础上通过口头报告的Simon任务考察无关情绪效价是否对空间Simon效应有影响,但是在本实验中刺激的无关维度包括刺激的呈现位置和情绪效价两个,即空间位置冲突与效价冲突同时存在时,本研究假设相比于中性情绪,负性情绪会促进人们的认知控制,从而削弱空间Simon效应；而正性情绪则会阻碍认知控制,从而使空间Simon效应增大,说明情绪效价会影响和调节空间Simon效应；实验三则进一步探究情绪效价对空间Simon效应的影响是否是由情绪效价与左右空间之间的联结效应造成的。研究发现相比于中性情绪,正性情绪会削弱空间Simon效应,但是负性情绪的影响不显著,说明情绪效价会对空间Simon效应产生调节作用,而且这种情绪效价与空间的联结效应(正性情绪与“右”的联结,但未发现负性情绪和“右”的联结)可以由极性编码理论来解释。具体说明,实验一选取了30名有效被试,刺激为直径23毫米红色或绿色圆圈,实验任务是对左、右位置呈现的刺激依据其颜色进行口头报告“左”／“右”的反应,考察语音反应方式下是否会产生空间Simon效应。自变量为一致性,分为一致和不一致两个水平。因变量为反应时和正确率。实验二采用同样方法另外选取30名未参加实验一的有效被试,在实验一的基础上进行的研究,考察情绪效价对空间Simon效应的影响。判断任务和反应规则都与实验一相同,但实验二的刺激是情绪性刺激,分别是高兴面孔的简笔画和愤怒面孔的简笔画(Proctor, Zhang, Vu,2013; Zhang Proctor,2008)实验采用2(一致性：一致,不一致)×2(情绪效价类型：正性,负性)的被试内实验设计。并与实验一进行联合分析。因变量为反应时和正确率。实验三选取了有效被试30名,是实验二的控制实验。由于实验二中刺激的无关维度既有呈现位置,又有情绪效价,难以说清采用情绪对产生Simon效应的影响效价编码的结果还是空间位置编码的结果。故在本实验中所有目标刺激均是中央呈现的,控制了刺激的呈现位置这一无关维度对结果的影响。刺激类型、判断任务和反应规则同实验二一致。实验采用2(口头报告反应：“左”,“右”)×2(情绪效价类型：正性,负性)的被试内实验设计。因变量是反应时和正确率。通过上述实验得到的结论：(1)一致条件下的反应比不一致条件下的反应更快、更准确,说明在语音反应方式下也会产生空间Simon效应,支持了反应-辩别假说,空间Simon效应的产生不受反应方式的限制。(2)对情绪面孔简笔画刺激进行判断颜色的Simon任务时,仍会产生空间Simon效应。与实验一的中性条件下的空间Simon效应相比,正性情绪会削弱空间Simon效应,但是负性情绪对空间Simon效应未产生影响。(3)采用语音报告范式,出现了正性情绪效价与口头报告“右”出现联结,但是未发现负性情绪效价与“左”的联结,支持了极性编码理论,即情绪效价对空间Simon效应的影响主要是积极情绪效价与语音反应的极性编码一致性的结果。
[Abstract]:Stimulus-Response Compatibility (SRC) is a hot research field in cognitive psychology. The.Simon effect is a classic example of the compatibility effect of stimulus response. The Simon effect refers to the phenomenon that even the stimulus space position is unrelated to the individual response results. That is, when the stimulus space is stimulated, the effect of the Simon effect is to stimulate the space. When information is consistent with the spatial information required for response, the response of an individual is better than the reaction between the two. The specific performance is that the response is shorter and the correct rate is higher. The previous study showed that the Simon effect would be influenced by the objective factors such as the type of stimulation, the way of presentation, the way of reaction, the reaction strategy, the cognitive load and so on. It is proved that emotion can affect the cognitive conflicts such as the Stroop effect and the Flanker effect. As a subjective factor, emotion may also affect the spatial Simon effect. For example, people will form an affective titer model in the left and right space based on its own body structure and the interaction experience with the environment, but this spatial affective valence Association The model can not exclude the effect of the reaction hand. In view of this, this study will use the response mode of oral report and control the arousal degree of emotion to study the effect of emotional valence on the spatial Simon effect. Human human-computer systems and help employees to adjust their mood to optimize production management. This study uses three experiments to reveal the unrelated dimension of stimulus - the mechanism of the effect of emotional valence on the spatial Simon effect. Can the spatial Simon effect be produced; experiment two, on the basis of the experiment one, investigates whether the irrelevant emotional titer is affected by the spatial Simon effect through the oral report Simon task, but in this experiment the unrelated dimensions of the stimulus include the presentation position of the stimulus and the two emotional titer, that is, when the space position conflict and the titer conflict exist simultaneously, This study assumes that negative emotions can promote cognitive control and weaken the spatial Simon effect, while positive emotion hinders cognitive control and increases the spatial Simon effect, indicating that emotional titer affects and regulates the spatial Simon effect, and experiment three further explores the effect of emotional titer to spatial Simon effect. The effect of the stress is caused by the connection effect between the emotional validity and the left and right space. The study finds that the positive emotion weakens the spatial Simon effect compared to the neutral mood, but the negative emotion is not significant, indicating that the emotional titer can regulate the spatial Simon effect and the relationship between the emotional validity and the space. The combination of positive emotion and right, but unfound negative and "right" links) can be explained by polar coding theory. Specifically, the experiment selected 30 effective subjects, stimulated by a 23 millimeter red or green circle in diameter, and the experimental task was to give a verbal report on the left, right location of the stimulus according to its color. " The response of "left" / "right" is to examine whether the spatial Simon effect is produced in the speech response. The independent variable is consistent, divided into two levels of consistency and inconsistency. The dependent variable is the reaction time and the correct rate. The experiment two uses the same method to select 30 effective subjects who have not participated in the experiment, and Study on the basis of the experiment one, The effect of emotional titer on spatial Simon effect was examined. The judgment task and reaction rule were the same as that in the experiment one, but the stimulus of experiment two was emotional stimuli, respectively, the simple strokes of happy faces and the simple strokes of angry faces (Proctor, Zhang, Vu, 2013; Zhang Proctor, 2008) used 2 (congruence: unanimous, inconsistent) * 2 (emotion). The type of validity: positive, negative, experimental design. Combined analysis with experiment one. Because the variable is the reaction time and the correct rate. Experiment three selects 30 of the effective subjects, which is the control experiment of the experiment two. Because the unrelated dimensions of the second stimulus are both present and emotional titer, it is difficult to say that emotion is used to produce Sim The effect of on effect on titer coding is the result of spatial position coding. So in this experiment, all the target stimuli are presented in the central area, and the effect of the unrelated dimension of the stimulus is controlled. The type of stimulus, the judgment task and the reaction rule are the same as that of experiment two. The experiment uses 2 (oral report reaction: "left" "", "right") * 2 (emotional valence type: positive, negative) experimental design. The result of the reaction time and the correct rate. The results obtained by the above experiments are: (1) the reaction under the same condition is faster and more accurate than the inconsistency condition, indicating that the Simon effect will also be produced under the speech reaction, which supports the reaction - The generation of the spatial Simon effect is not limited by the reaction mode. (2) the spatial Simon effect will still be produced when the emotional face simple stroke is stimulated to judge the color Simon task. Compared with the spatial Simon effect under the neutral condition of the experimental one, the positive emotion will weaken the spatial Simon effect, but the negative emotion has a Simon effect on the space. There is no effect. (3) the positive emotional valence of the speech report "right" appears with the speech report paradigm, but there is no connection between the negative emotional valence and the "left", which supports the polar coding theory, that is, the effect of emotional validity on the spatial Simon effect is the polarity coding of positive emotion titer and speech response. The result of sex.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B842.1

【二级参考文献】