自我连接与视线追踪技术在人格测验中的应用

发布时间：2018-05-10 19:04

  本文选题：人格测验 + 自我报告　； 参考：《第四军医大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：自从心理测量诞生以来,自我报告法一直最经久不衰的研究方法之一。自我报告法有着解释简便、信息丰富、报告动机、因果驱动、操作性强等与生俱来的优势,曾被公认为是最优的人格测量方法。然而近年来,随着测量需求的变化以及测量对象的丰富,自我报告法也面临着一些难以回避的挑战,例如自我知觉的准确性;自我报告的动机控制;测量工具的有效性等等。上述议题逐渐使得国际上人事心理选拔技术走入了瓶颈。因此,整合多模态的生理、心理与行为指标,来提高对个体人格鉴别的准确率,是未来心理测量研究重要的突破点之一。然而,有关人格的客观测量方法的实证研究仍然不足,同时也缺少认知加工或微观行为层面的人格标记物。为解决上述问题,本研究融合了新近发展的自我连接技术及视线追踪技术,通过五项实证研究,系统地探讨了心理测验多质融合技术在人格及其感知觉研究中的应用。研究一采用一项行为实验,利用自评和他评的大五人格量表,通过对比自我-他人的人格评估一致性,验证自我报告反映了真实的自我知觉还是理想化的自我错觉,并为人格知觉的自我增强效应提供可操作的测量方法。结果发现,在内外倾、尽责性和开放性这三个维度,自我报告反映了真实自我;而在宜人性和神经质这两个维度上,自我报告反映了理想自我。结果表明,个体自我知觉的准确性在不同人格维度上存在差异,人格的自我知觉存在一定程度的自我增强效应。研究二采用一项行为实验,利用自我连接学习任务和自评的大五人格量表,探讨自我偏向效应的幅度与人格特质的关系,并尝试将自我连接技术作为客观的、涉及初级认知加工的人格测量方法。结果发现,个体内倾性程度越高,或者尽责性越低,自我偏向效应的幅度越大。结果表明,自我偏向效应的幅度与人格的个体差异存在紧密关系,在容易被自我知觉以及他人反馈的人格维度上表现得尤其明显。研究三采用两项行为实验,以与军事绩效密切相关的认知能力——时间知觉为例,利用自我连接学习任务和时间复制任务,考察自我偏向效应对时间知觉的调控作用。结果发现,自我连接能够调控主观时间知觉,压缩运动引发的时间膨胀效应,使主观时间更稳定、更准确。同时,自我优势的幅度越大,对静止和运动状态下的物体的时间知觉调控越强。结果表明,自我连接可以调控运动引发的时间错觉。研究四采用一项眼动实验,以与军事绩效密切相关的认知能力——空间知觉为例,利用自我连接技术与视线追踪技术,考察自我偏向效应对平滑眼动追踪的调控。结果发现,自我连接可以促进情绪低落个体的平滑眼动追踪绩效,在快速运动的目标上,这种促进效应尤其明显。结果表明,自我连接可以调控情绪低落个体的视线追踪受损。研究五采用一项眼动实验,在自我报告式人格测验的基础上,融合视线追踪技术,考察人格测验反应加工过程中的眼动特征。结果发现,与控制组相比,精神障碍个体的项目反应加工过程更复杂,表现为更多的注视与更频繁的眼跳。同时,精神障碍个体对题干中“我”的敏感度比控制组要低。结果表明,精神障碍个体在人格测验中表现出特殊的眼动特征,眼动指标提高人格鉴别的准确性。综上所述,本研究采用五项研究包括六项实验,通过自我报告、自我连接以及视线追踪的多质融合技术,分别从主观内省、感知觉加工及眼动行为三个层面,考察自我表征对自我知觉、时间知觉、空间知觉以及人格测验反应加工的调控作用。结果表明,自我连接技术可以作为人格测量的客观方法,促进与军事任务相关的时间与空间感知能力,并影响人格测验反应加工的眼动特征。由此可见,心理测验多质融合技术可以通过采集多维度的数据,融合多模态的结果,实施多尺度的相关分析,建立多层次的判定结果,最终实现对人格客观、精细、准确的评判。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of psychometrics, self reporting has been one of the most enduring research methods. Self reporting has the advantages of simple explanation, rich information, motivation, cause and effect, and strong operability. It has been recognized as the best method of personality measurement. However, in recent years, with the change of measurement demand and measurement. There are some difficult challenges for self reporting, such as the accuracy of self perception, the motivation control of self reporting, the effectiveness of measuring tools, and so on. These issues have gradually led to the bottleneck of the international personnel psychological selection technology. Therefore, the integration of multimodal physiological, psychological and behavioral indicators is proposed. The accuracy of individual personality identification is one of the most important breakthroughs in the study of future psychometrics. However, the empirical research on the objective measurement method of personality is still insufficient and there is a lack of personality markers in the cognitive processing or micro behavior level. In order to solve the above problems, this research has merged the newly developed self connection technology. And line of sight tracking technology, through five empirical studies, the application of psychological test multi quality fusion technology in the study of personality and perception is systematically discussed. Self perception or idealized self delusion provides an operational measurement for the self enhancement effect of personality perception. The results show that self reporting reflects the true self in the three dimensions of introversion, due diligence and openness, and self reporting reflects the ideal self on the two dimensions of agreeableness and neuroticism. The results show that the accuracy of individual self perception is different in different personality dimensions, and the self perception of personality has a certain degree of self enhancement. Study two use a behavioral experiment, use the self connection learning task and the self rating five person scale, to explore the relationship between the amplitude of self bias effect and the personality traits, and try to find out the relationship between the self bias effect and the personality traits. The results show that the greater the degree of individual introversion, or the lower the due diligence, the greater the self bias effect. The result shows that the amplitude of the self bias effect is closely related to the individual differences in personality, and is easy to be perceived by self and others. The personality dimension of the feedback is particularly evident. In study three, the study used two behavioral experiments, taking the cognitive ability closely related to military performance, time perception as an example, using self connection learning task and time duplication task to investigate the role of self bias effect on time perception. The time perception, the time expansion effect caused by the compression movement, makes the subjective time more stable and more accurate. At the same time, the greater the amplitude of the self superiority, the stronger the time perception of the objects under the state of rest and movement. The result shows that the self connection can regulate the time illusion caused by the movement. Study four uses an eye movement experiment with the army. The cognitive ability closely related to the performance - spatial perception, as an example, uses self connection technology and line of sight tracking techniques to investigate the regulation of self bias effect on smooth eye tracking. The results show that self connection can promote the smooth eye tracking performance of depressed individuals, and this effect is especially on the target of fast movement. The results showed that self connection could regulate the loss of sight tracking in individuals with depression. Study five using an eye movement experiment, on the basis of a self reporting personality test, the eye tracking technique was used to examine the eye movement characteristics during the response process of the personality test. Results showed that the items of the mental disorder were compared with the control group. The reaction process is more complex, showing more gaze and more frequent saccades. At the same time, the sensitivity of mental disorder individuals to "I" is lower than that in the control group. The results show that the individual in the mental disorder shows special eye movement characteristics in the personality test, the eye movement index improves the accuracy of personality identification. The five studies, including six experiments, through self reporting, self connection and eye tracking multi quality fusion technology, examined self perception, time perception, space perception and human test response processing from three aspects of subjective introspection, perceptual processing and eye movement, respectively. Connection technology can be used as an objective method of personality measurement, promoting time and space perception related to military tasks, and affecting the eye movement characteristics of personality test reaction processing. It can be seen from this, psychological test multiquality fusion technology can be used to collect multidimensional data, integrate multimodal results and implement multi-scale correlation analysis. At the end of the paper, we can judge the result objectively and accurately.

【学位授予单位】：第四军医大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848
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本文编号：1870502