不同解释水平对自我控制的影响：认知负荷的调节作用

发布时间：2018-05-11 11:40

本文选题：解释水平 + 认知负荷　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：解释水平与个体生活息息相关。解释水平理论关注个体对客体不同抽象表征的程度。不同解释水平下对事物的关注点不同,对于抽象表征的客体,个体倾向于采用高解释水平进行表征并关注事物整体性特征,对那些具体表征的客体一般采用低解释水平方式进行表征,强调细节特征(TropeLiberman,2003)。个体采用的解释水平会影响个体的思维与行为结果,其部分是通过表征方式实现的。解释水平影响个体自我控制程度,个体会依据对事件的解释水平程度进行相应的自我控制,当对问题解决采用高解释水平方式时,个体会表现出较高的自我控制,当对问题解决低解释水平方式时,个体会表现出较差的自我控制。但是有研究逐渐发现也会有相反的结果,即高解释水平也会降低个体的自我控制,低解释水平也会增强个体的自我控制,研究者通过设置不同的SST任务发现会有目标维持的调节作用(Schmeichel,Vohs,Duke,2011),但其研究不同任务之间也没有区分是目标维持与认知负荷,由此本研究进一步探究解释水平与自我控制的调节机制,即可能会受到认知负荷的调节作用而非目标维持的作用。本研究通过两个研究验证认知负荷的调节作用。研究1的目的在于验证启动解释水平任务的有效性并且验证Fujita等人(2006)的研究结果。研究2的目的在于验证解释水平对自我控制的影响受到认知负荷的调节作用,由研究2a和研究2b两项子研究组成。研究一考察被试的延迟偏好情况,采用自我控制任务考察个体对及时与延迟结果的倾向性,通过WHY/HOW方法启动解释水平,结果发现高解释水平个体比低解释水平个体更倾向于偏好延迟,证实了Fujita等人(2006)的研究结论。研究二通过变式Stroop任务以及N-back任务操纵高低认知负荷探讨认知负荷的调节作用,分别在有目标维持和无目标维持的情况下操纵高低认知负荷来考察解释水平对自我控制的影响。通过n-back任务以及Stroop变式任务进行操纵,结果发现,解释水平对自我控制存有认知负荷的调节作用,具体表现为:(1)在研究2(a)中发现在n-back任务中,启动低解释水平个体在0-back任务下的正确率要显著高于高解释水平个体的正确率;启动高解释水平个体在1-back和2-back任务下的正确率要显著高于低解释水平个体的正确率。(2)在研究2(b)中发现在Stroop变式任务中,低解释水平个体在比较字体大小任务下的正确率显著高于高解释水平个体的正确率,高解释水平个体在比较数值大小任务下的正确率要显著高于低解释水平个体的正确率。该研究结果表明解释水平对自我控制的影响会受到认知负荷的调节作用,高解释水平个体在较难(高认知负荷)任务中表现较好,低解释水平水平个体在简单(无认知负荷或低认知负荷)任务中表现较好。根据研究结果,本研究结论如下:(1)“高解释水平会增强个体的自我控制,低解释水平会降低个体的自我控制”的结论是片面的。(2)解释水平对自我控制的影响会受到认知负荷的调节作用,具体表现为高解释水平在较难(高认知负荷)任务下自我控制高,表现好,而低解释水平在较难任务下自我控制低;高解释水平在简单(无认知负荷或低认知负荷)任务下自我控制低,而低解释水平在简单任务下自我控制高,表现好。
[Abstract]:The level of interpretation is closely related to the individual life. The theory of interpretation is concerned with the extent to which the individual has different abstract representations of the object. The attention to the object is different at different levels of interpretation. For the object of abstract representation, the individual tends to represent and pay attention to the whole body characteristics by the high level of interpretation and the object of the specific characterization. A low interpretation level is used to characterize the details (TropeLiberman, 2003). The level of interpretation used by the individual will affect the individual's thinking and behavior results, part of which is realized by means of representation. The level of interpretation affects the degree of self-control of the individual, and the individual will carry out the corresponding self control according to the level of the interpretation level of the event. When the problem is solved by a high interpretation level, the experience shows a higher self-control. When the problem is solved in a low interpretation level, the experience shows a poor self control. However, there is a gradual discovery that there will be the opposite result, that is, the high interpretation will also reduce the self control of the individual and the low interpretation level. The self-control of the individual will be enhanced, and the researchers can find the regulatory role of the objective maintenance by setting different SST tasks (Schmeichel, Vohs, Duke, 2011), but there is no distinction between the target maintenance and the cognitive load between the different tasks of the study, and this study further explores the regulatory mechanism of the interpretation level and self-control, that is, it may be possible The purpose of this study was to verify the regulatory role of cognitive load by two studies. The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of the level task of starting the interpretation level and to verify the results of Fujita et al. (2006). The purpose of the study of study 2 is to verify the impact of the level of interpretation on self-control. The regulatory role of cognitive load was made up of the study of the two sub studies of 2a and 2b. The study examined the delayed preference of the subjects. The self control task was used to examine the tendency of the individual to the timely and delayed results, and the interpretation level was started by the WHY/HOW method. The results showed that the high release individuals were more inclined to the lower interpretable individuals than those with low level of interpretation. The preference delay confirmed the research conclusions of Fujita et al. (2006). Study two explore the regulatory role of cognitive load through variable Stroop task and N-back task manipulating high and low cognitive load, and manipulate high and low cognitive load in the case of target maintenance and non objective maintenance to examine the effect of interpretation level on self-control. Through N-BA The CK task and the Stroop variant task are manipulated. The results show that the level of interpretation has a cognitive load regulating effect on self control. (1) in the study 2 (a), it is found that in the n-back task, the correct rate of starting the low interpretation level individuals under the 0-back task is significantly higher than that of the high interpretation level individuals; and the high solution is started. The correct rate of the release level individuals under the 1-back and 2-back tasks is significantly higher than that of the low interpretive individuals. (2) in the study 2 (b), it was found that in the Stroop variant task, the correct rate of the low interpretate individuals under the comparative font size task was significantly higher than that of the highly interpreted individuals, and the higher interpretive individuals were in comparative values. The correct rate under the size task is significantly higher than that of the low interpretive individuals. The results show that the effect of interpretation level on self control is regulated by cognitive load, and the high interpretive individual is better in the difficult task (high cognitive load), and the level of low interpretation level is simple (no cognitive load or low). According to the results of the study, the conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) "high interpretation level will enhance individual self control, low interpretation level will reduce individual self control" conclusion is one-sided. (2) the effect of interpretation level on self-control will be regulated by cognitive load, which is specifically expressed as a high explanation. Under the difficult task (high cognitive load), the level of self control is high, and the low interpretation level is low under the difficult task. The high interpretation level is low under the task of simple (without cognitive load or low cognitive load), and the low interpretation level is high under the simple task, and the performance is good.

【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

【参考文献】