联想学习能力、中央执行系统功能与流体智力关系的研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 00:39

本文选题：刷新 + 抑制　；参考：《云南师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：工作记忆（Working Memory）是指在执行任务的过程中，人们对信息进行暂时储存与加工的，且容量相对有限的认知系统。工作记忆这一概念一经提出，就受到越来越多的关注，工作记忆是认知研究这一领域的重要课题。流体智力（FluidIntelligence）是相对于晶体智力而言的，同时也被称液体智力，一般智力，一般流体智力(gF)等，它指的是推理、解决不依赖于已有知识的新问题的能力，即个体在解决新颖、抽象问题时表现出来的能力。工作记忆、联想学习和流体智力的关系的研究是近年来一个比较热门的话题。联想学习作为一种备受研究者关注的对流体智力有重要预测作用的成分受到国内外研究者越来越多的关注。以往的研究表明，工作记忆和流体智力关系密切，作为工作记忆的主要成分，中央执行系统在工作记忆和流体智力的关系中发挥着怎样的作用？不同联想学习能力的个体在中央执行系统功能任务、流体智力任务上的表现是否存在差异？为了进一步考察联想学习、中央执行系统和流体智力的关系，本研究通过对河南省太康县华夏中学初中二年级的150名学生的联想学习能力进行测验，从中筛选出高分组、低分组各43人，共86人。然后对这86名被试的中央执行系统的刷新、抑制、转换功能以流体智力的表现分别加以研究。主要研究不同联想学习能力的个体在刷新、抑制、转换功能及流体智力方面是否存在显著差异，以及联想学习、中央执行系统和流体智力三者之间的关系。本研究主要使用的是相关分析、独立样本T检验、回归分析，以及建立结构方程模型的统计分析方法。本研究得出的结论如下：（1）不同联想学习能力的个体在中央执行系统的刷新任务上的表现存在显著差异。联想学习任务高分组在刷新任务上的成绩显著高于低分组。（2）不同联想学习能力的个体在中央执行系统的抑制任务上的表现存在显著差异。联想学习任务高分组在抑制任务上的成绩显著高于低分组。（3）不同联想学习能力的个体在中央执行系统的转换任务上的表现存在显著差异。联想学习任务高分组在转换任务上的成绩显著高于低分组。（4）不同联想学习能力的个体在流体智力测验任务上的表现存在显著差异。联想学习任务高分组在流体智力任务上的成绩显著高于低分组。（5）从相关矩阵的分析我们发现中央执行系统的刷新功能和联想学习任务存在显著相关。抑制、转换功能和联想学习的相关不显著。（6）回归分析表明，中央执行系统的刷新功能对联想学习能力有重要的预测作用，，其中抑制、转换功能在回归分析中对联想学习成绩的预测作用不显著。（7）通过建立结构方程模型发现联想学习、中央执行系统分别对流体智力的预测起着重要作用。其中，中央执行系统对流体智力的预测作用高于联想学习的作用。双方可以一同预测流体智力的部分变异。
[Abstract]:Working memory (WMA) refers to a cognitive system in which information is stored and processed temporarily and has a relatively limited capacity in the course of carrying out tasks. Once the concept of working memory has been put forward, more and more attention has been paid to it. Working memory is an important subject in the field of cognitive research. Fluid Intelligence refers to the ability to reason, solve new problems that do not depend on existing knowledge, that is, individuals are solving novel problems, as opposed to crystal intelligence and also known as liquid intelligence, general fluid intelligence, etc. The ability to abstract a problem. The relationship between working memory, associative learning and fluid intelligence has been a hot topic in recent years. As an important predictor of fluid intelligence, associative learning has attracted more and more attention from researchers at home and abroad. Previous studies have shown that working memory and fluid intelligence are closely related. As the main component of working memory, what role does central execution system play in the relationship between working memory and fluid intelligence? Are there any differences in the performance of individuals with different associative learning abilities in the central execution of system function tasks and fluid intelligence tasks? In order to further investigate the relationship among associative learning, central executive system and fluid intelligence, this study tested the associative learning ability of 150 students in the second grade of Huaxia Middle School in Taikang County, Henan Province, and screened out high score groups from them. There were 43 people in each group, for a total of 86 people. Then, the central executive system refresh, inhibition and conversion function of the 86 subjects were studied by the performance of fluid intelligence. This paper mainly studies whether there are significant differences in refresh, inhibition, conversion function and fluid intelligence among individuals with different associative learning abilities, as well as the relationship among associative learning, central executive system and fluid intelligence. This study mainly uses correlation analysis, independent sample T test, regression analysis, and statistical analysis method to establish structural equation model. The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1) there are significant differences in the performance of individuals with different associative learning abilities in the task of refreshing the central executive system. The high score group of associative learning task was significantly higher than the low group in refresh task. 2) there are significant differences in the performance of individuals with different associative learning abilities on the suppression task of the central executive system. The scores of high score group in associative learning task were significantly higher than those in low score group. 3) there are significant differences in the performance of individuals with different associative learning abilities in the task conversion of the central executive system. The high scores of associative learning tasks were significantly higher than those of low scores. (4) there were significant differences in the performance of fluid intelligence test task among individuals with different associative learning abilities. The scores of high score group of associative learning task on fluid intelligence task were significantly higher than that of low group. From the analysis of the correlation matrix, we find that the refresh function of the central executive system is significantly related to the associative learning task. Inhibition, conversion and associative learning were not significantly correlated. Regression analysis shows that the refresh function of the central executive system has an important predictive effect on associative learning ability, among which inhibition and conversion functions have no significant predictive effect on associative learning achievement in regression analysis. 7) by establishing the structural equation model and discovering associative learning, the central execution system plays an important role in the prediction of fluid intelligence. The predictive effect of central execution system on fluid intelligence is higher than that of associative learning. Together, both can predict partial variations in fluid intelligence.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.3

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