毒品相关线索对海洛因成瘾者注意分配的影响

发布时间：2018-05-14 08:07

本文选题：海洛因成瘾 + 美沙酮维持治疗　；参考：《西北师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：毒品成瘾严重危害社会，它不仅会危害社会治安，更会对成瘾者的身心造成严重的损伤。长期吸食毒品会导致成瘾者各器官功能衰竭，还会使其注意、记忆、思维等认知功能减退，认知功能的一个重要方面就是注意。目前，国内外对毒品成瘾者注意功能的研究主要集中在注意选择，尤其是注意偏向的研究上。注意分配也是注意功能的一个重要方面，对毒品成瘾者而言，注意分配能力也是非常重要的，如果成瘾者存在注意分配障碍，那么他们在生活中会很难将注意从与毒品相关的事物分配到其它事物上，难以有效地完成日常生活事务，更有可能导致毒瘾难除，，甚至复吸。海洛因是我国的吸毒者吸食的主要毒品类型，研究发现，长期吸食海洛因会造成大脑额叶严重损伤，而额叶是控制注意分配的主要脑区，大量以脑损伤患者为研究对象的注意分配研究发现，这些个体均存在注意分配功能障碍。那么，同样存在脑损伤的海洛因成瘾者，其注意分配功能是否也存在损伤？在毒品相关线索的影响下，海洛因成瘾者的注意分配功能又会表现出怎样的变化？海洛因成瘾者的药物渴求是否会影响其注意分配功能？美沙酮维持治疗是否能改善海洛因成瘾者的注意分配功能？这些问题都是本研究需要探讨的。本研究包括两个实验：实验一首先对海洛因成瘾者的药物渴求进行了测查，然后采用双任务范式考察海洛因强制戒毒者和美沙酮维持治疗者的注意分配功能；实验二采用双任务范式考察毒品相关线索对海洛因强制戒毒者和美沙酮维持治疗者注意分配功能的影响。研究得出以下结论： (1)强制戒毒者和美沙酮维持治疗海洛因成瘾者的注意分配功能均受到了损伤；美沙酮维持治疗者的注意分配功能并未因为服用美沙酮而得到改善； (2)毒品相关线索会导致强制戒毒者的注意分配功能进一步降低；且在毒品相关线索下，强制戒毒者的海洛因渴求度与其注意分配功能呈负相关，渴求度越高注意分配功能越差； (3)负性情绪线索影响强制戒毒者的注意分配功能，而不影响美沙酮维持治疗者和正常人的注意分配功能。
[Abstract]:Drug addiction seriously harms the society, which not only endangers public order, but also causes serious damage to the body and mind of addicts. Long-term drug use will lead to organ failure, attention, memory, thinking and other cognitive dysfunction, an important aspect of cognitive function is attention. At present, the research on attention function of drug addicts at home and abroad mainly focuses on attention choice, especially attention bias. Attention distribution is also an important aspect of attention function. For drug addicts, the ability to pay attention is also very important. Then they will find it difficult to distribute attention from drug-related things to other things in their life, and it will be difficult to accomplish their daily life affairs effectively, which may lead to the difficulty of drug addiction and even relapse. Heroin is the main type of drugs used by drug addicts in China. The study found that long-term heroin use can cause serious damage to the frontal lobe of the brain, and the frontal lobe is the main brain area for controlling the distribution of attention. A large number of attention-allocation studies on patients with brain injury found that these individuals had attention allocation dysfunction. So, do heroin addicts, who also have brain damage, also have impairment in their attention distribution function? Under the influence of drug-related clues, how does the attention distribution function of heroin addicts change? Do heroin addicts' drug cravings affect their attention distribution function? Does methadone maintenance improve attention distribution in heroin addicts? These problems need to be explored in this study. This study includes two experiments: first, the drug craving of heroin addicts was tested, and then the attention allocation function of heroin addicts and methadone maintenance therapy was investigated by using the two-task paradigm; In experiment 2, the effects of drug-related cues on the attentional distribution function of heroin addicts and methadone maintainers were investigated by using dual task paradigm. The study draws the following conclusions: (1) the attention distribution function of heroin addicts and methadone maintenance therapy was impaired, and the attention distribution function of methadone maintenance therapy was not improved by taking methadone. 2) Drug-related clues will lead to further decrease of attention distribution function of drug addicts, and under drug-related clues, heroin craving degree of compulsive drug addicts is negatively related to their attention distribution function, and the higher the craving degree is, the worse the attention distribution function is. (3) negative emotional cues affected the attention allocation function of compulsive drug addicts, but did not affect the attention allocation function of methadone maintenance therapy and normal persons.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.3

【参考文献】