小学高年级学生自我意识与心理健康的关系及其干预研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 10:31

本文选题：小学高年级学生 + 自我意识　；参考：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：中小学生是国家的未来与希望,被人们寄予了健康成长的厚望。然而中小学生在成长过程中会不断面临来自于诸如入学适应、学习环境等方面的困扰与问题,因此,心理健康对于广大中小学生而言,是成长发展过程中的重要目标之一。2002年,《中小学生心理健康教育指导纲要》由教育部权威颁布,其中对于中小学生可能存在的心理健康问题首次以国家纲领性文件的方式向全社会进行公开,并以此为纲,开始科学地指导和规范中小学的心理健康教育工作。小学是九年义务教育的起点,也是受众面最广的教育阶段。权威数据显示,2016年,我国共有超过9980万在校小学生,直逼一亿大关,其中应届毕业小学生人数为1437.2万。这一千多万高年级小学生的身心健康状态不仅会反映出过去几年学习的整体累积效应,同时也在一定程度上预示着个体能否正常升入高一级的学校,继续健康成长。自我意识是对自我及其与周围关系的意识,它包括个体对自身的意识和对自身与周围世界关系的意识两大部分。有研究者认为,儿童青少年心理健康应当通过自我教育来进行,很明显,自我意识就是自我教育的前提。也就是说,自我意识水平是心理健康的重要指标之一,个体应当追求客观的自我评价、积极的自我悦纳以及健康的自我形象。本研究主要采用问卷调查法和干预实验法,对小学高年级学生的自我意识和心理健康现状以及自我意识的改善及其与心理健康的关系等问题进行探讨。通过问卷调查和持续6次的团体辅导干预研究,本研究不仅探究了以自我意识为团体辅导内容的干预能否对自我意识产生影响,还尝试探讨了自我意识是否能够在一定程度上提高学生心理健康水平。通过研究,共得出以下研究结果:第一,高年级小学生自我意识总体情况良好,尤其是比较具体的、行为能力方面、智力方面以及对学校的认识等方面相对非常积极,而对于更加抽象的幸福感的认知和感受性则相对较弱。高年级小学生普遍对于自身躯体外貌评价较低。第二,高年级小学生对于学习仍然存在较高的焦虑情绪;但孤独感和冲动性并非学生的普遍心理问题。第三,高年级小学生自我意识与心理健康存在显著相关。自我意识能够解释心理健康状况40.3%的变异量。第四,针对高年级小学生开展的以自我意识为内容的团体辅导干预活动在一段时期内可以取得显著的促进与提高效果。同时,小学生自我意识的改善对心理健康有很大影响。
[Abstract]:Primary and middle school students are the future and hope of the country. However, in the process of growing up, primary and middle school students will continue to face difficulties and problems from such aspects as entrance adaptation, learning environment, etc. Therefore, mental health is for the majority of primary and middle school students. In 2002, the guiding Program of Mental Health Education for Primary and Middle School students was promulgated by the Ministry of Education. For the first time, the mental health problems of primary and middle school students are open to the whole society in the form of national programmatic documents, and on this basis, we begin to scientifically guide and standardize the mental health education in primary and secondary schools. Primary school is the starting point of nine-year compulsory education and the most widely accepted stage of education. According to authoritative data, in 2016, there were more than 99.8 million primary school students in our country, which was close to the 100 million mark, of which the number of graduating pupils was 14.372 million. The state of physical and mental health of the more than 10 million senior pupils will not only reflect the overall cumulative effect of learning in the past few years, but also indicate to a certain extent whether the individual can normally ascend to a higher school and continue to grow up healthily. Self-consciousness is the consciousness of the self and its relationship with its surroundings. It includes two parts: the consciousness of the individual and the consciousness of the relationship between the self and the surrounding world. Some researchers believe that the mental health of children and adolescents should be carried out through self-education, obviously, self-consciousness is the premise of self-education. In other words, the level of self-consciousness is one of the important indicators of mental health. Individuals should pursue objective self-evaluation, positive self-acceptance and healthy self-image. In this study, the self-awareness and mental health status of the senior primary school students and the relationship between self-consciousness and mental health were discussed by means of questionnaire and intervention experiment. Through the questionnaire survey and the study of group counseling intervention for 6 times, this study not only explored whether the intervention with self-awareness as the content of group counseling had an impact on self-awareness. It also tries to explore whether self-consciousness can improve the students' mental health to a certain extent. The results of the study are as follows: first, the overall self-awareness of senior school students is in good condition, especially in the specific, behavioral, intellectual, and school awareness, and so on. For more abstract sense of well-being, the cognitive and sensitivity is relatively weak. The higher grade pupils generally have low evaluation of their own physical appearance. Second, there is still high anxiety about learning among senior pupils, but loneliness and impulsiveness are not the common psychological problems of students. Thirdly, there is a significant correlation between self-consciousness and mental health. Self-consciousness could explain 40.3% of the variation of mental health. Fourthly, the self-awareness group counseling and intervention activities carried out for the senior primary school students can be promoted and improved significantly in a period of time. At the same time, the improvement of pupils' self-consciousness has great influence on mental health.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848

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