个体认知风格与内隐态度对危机决策影响的实证研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 16:11

本文选题：危机决策 + 认知风格　；参考：《西北大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：危机决策是指决策个体在时间、资源、信息和人力等有限的情境之下对危机事件做出的判断和快速行为的过程,该类决策具有极高的不确定性和风险性等特点。危机决策的影响因素涉及到个体与组织等多个层面。对决策个体而言,个体的认知风格、认知能力以及年龄等因素均有可能影响到其危机决策。作为决策研究领域的一个较为新颖的课题,危机决策的研究方法仍处于不断探索和研究之中。本研究聚焦于危机决策的个体差异层面,借鉴风险决策的实证研究方法,以个体的认知风格与内隐态度为自变量,危机决策的倾向与决策时间为因变量,设计认知实验探究个体的认知风格与内隐态度二者对其危机决策的影响。实验一以认知风格为自变量,以危机决策倾向与决策时间为因变量,是单因素方差分析的实验设计,共计161名被试参与实验研究。实验目的在于考察个体的认知风格对危机决策的影响。实验二以内隐态度为自变量,以危机决策倾向和时间为因变量,也是单因素方差分析的实验设计,共计112名被试参与实验研究。这个实验的目的是探讨个体的内隐态度对危机决策的影响。实验三以认知风格与内隐态度二者为自变量，，以危机决策倾向和时间为因变量,是双因素方差分析的实验设计,共计182名被试参与实验研究。采用2认知风格(场独立型VS场依存型)×2内隐态度(风险寻求型VS风险规避型)的被试间设计,实验目的是研究个体的认知风格与内隐态度对危机决策的交互影响。研究结果显示： (1)不同认知风格的被试(场独立型VS场依存型)在危机决策时的风险偏好存在差异。在危机决策的过程中,认知风格为场独立型的被试比认知风格为场依存型的被试更倾向于选择“风险寻求”的决策选项。 (2)不同认知风格的被试(场独立型VS场依存型)在危机决策时间上不存在显著性差异。 (3)不同内隐态度的被试(风险寻求型VS风险规避型)在危机决策的风险偏好上差异显著。进一步的研究发现,与内隐态度为风险寻求型的被试相比较,内隐态度为风险规避型的被试在危机决策时反而更加容易铤而走险。 (4)不同内隐态度的被试在危机决策所用的时间上亦不存在显著性差异。 (5)在内隐态度为风险规避的条件下,被试不同的认知风格对危机决策的倾向没有显著性影响。在内隐态度为风险寻求的条件下,被试不同的认知风格对危机决策倾向有显著的影响。场独立—风险寻求型被试比场依存—风险寻求型被试在危机事件中更可能采取风险较大的决策。 (6)在危机决策时间上,认知风格与内隐态度对危机决策的时间的主效应均不显著,二者交互作用也不显著。在危机决策的过程中,认知风格为场独立型的被试比认知风格为场依存型的被试所用决策时间更短；内隐态度为风险寻求型的被试比内隐态度为风险规避型的被试所用决策时间更短。
[Abstract]:Crisis decision-making refers to the process of judging and fast acting on crisis events under the limited circumstances of time, resources, information and manpower. This kind of decision has the characteristics of high uncertainty and risk. The influencing factors of the crisis decision involve the individual and the organization and so on. Cognitive style, cognitive ability and age may affect the crisis decision-making. As a new topic in the field of decision-making, the research method of crisis decision is still in constant exploration and research.
This study focuses on the individual difference level of crisis decision, using the empirical research method of risk decision-making as the independent variable of individual cognitive style and implicit attitude, the tendency of crisis decision making and decision time as the dependent variable, the influence of cognitive style and implicit attitude of two individuals on the crisis decision is designed by the cognitive experiment. The cognitive style is the independent variable, with the risk decision tendency and the decision time as the dependent variable, it is the experimental design of the single factor variance analysis. The total of 161 subjects are involved in the experimental study. The purpose of the experiment is to investigate the influence of individual cognitive style on the crisis decision. In experiment two, the implicit attitude is the independent variable, and the tendency of crisis decision and time are changed. A total of 112 subjects were involved in experimental study. The purpose of this experiment was to explore the influence of individual implicit attitude on crisis decision. In experiment three, the cognitive style and implicit attitude two were independent variables, and the risk decision-making tendency and the time as the dependent variable were the experimental setting of the two factor variance analysis. A total of 182 subjects participated in the experimental study. The subjects were designed with 2 cognitive styles (field independent VS field dependent) x 2 implicit attitude (risk seeking VS risk aversion). The experimental purpose was to study the interaction between individual cognitive style and implicit attitude on crisis decision-making.
The results of the study show that:
(1) there is a difference in risk preference between the subjects of different cognitive styles (field independent VS field dependent type) in crisis decision-making. In the process of crisis decision, the subjects with cognitive style as field independent are more inclined to choose the choice of "risk seeking" than the subjects with the cognitive style as the field dependent subjects.
(2) there is no significant difference in the time of crisis decision between subjects with different cognitive styles (field independent VS field dependent).
(3) the subjects of different implicit attitudes (risk seeking type VS risk aversion) have significant differences in risk preference in crisis decision-making. Further studies have found that the subjects with implicit attitude as risk aversion are more likely to take risks in crisis decision-making than those with implicit attitude as risk seeking subjects.
(4) there is no significant difference in the time spent on crisis decision-making between subjects with different implicit attitudes.
(5) under the condition of risk aversion of implicit attitude, the different cognitive styles of the subjects have no significant influence on the tendency of crisis decision. Under the condition of risk seeking, the different cognitive styles of the subjects have significant influence on the tendency of crisis decision. The field independent risk seeking subjects are compared with the field dependence risk seeking type subjects. It is more likely to take risky decisions in crisis events.
(6) in the time of crisis decision, the main effect of cognitive style and implicit attitude on the time of crisis decision is not significant, and the interaction of the two is also not significant. In the process of crisis decision making, the cognitive style is shorter than the field dependent type, the cognitive style is shorter than the cognitive style for field dependent subjects; the implicit attitude is the risk seeking type. The subjects' decision-making time was shorter than that of the implicit attitude risk averse type.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.1

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