前摄干扰与视觉工作记忆的关系

发布时间：2018-05-25 00:30

本文选题：工作记忆 + 前摄干扰　；参考：《首都师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：工作记忆是一个容量有限的,能够短时储存和保持信息,并且对此信息进行加工和执行控制的系统。在许多复杂的认知活动中,如推理、语言理解、学习和心算等,工作记忆都起着非常重要的作用。前摄干扰是影响工作记忆容量的重要因素,并且对于依靠工作记忆的高级认知功能也具有重要作用。所谓前摄干扰,是指之前学习过的材料对保持和回忆以后学习的材料的干扰作用,并且前后学习的内容越相似,干扰的程度越大。由于在学习过程中涉及到对于客观事物的态度体验和行为反应,并且记忆内容的情绪性与之后回忆的效果紧密相关,因此,在探讨记忆过程的研究中,情绪也是一个不可或缺的要素。本研究选择41名女本科生作为研究对象,使用最近探测刺激任务,以情绪字和非情绪字作为实验材料,在前人研究的基础上,探讨前摄干扰在视觉工作记忆中的产生机制。本研究由两个实验组成,分别采用非情绪字和情绪字为实验材料。在非情绪字实验中,我们采用最近探测刺激任务,把实验分成10个block,每个block包含8个trial。每个trial随机选择频级为1(常用字)或者频级为5(非常用字)的3个汉字,探测刺激与学习刺激或者出现的汉字完全相同,或者有1个汉字变成了不同于学习刺激的其他汉字,然后要求被试对学习刺激与探测刺激是否相同做按键反应。这个实验的目的是：在没有情绪诱发的条件下,验证材料的复杂程度是否是前摄干扰产生的因素之一;在情绪字实验中,我们只把刺激材料由非情绪意义的汉字改为具有情绪意义的汉字,然后使用与非情绪字实验相同的实验任务与实验程序,并要求被试做出反应。情绪字实验的目的是：探讨在情绪被诱发的条件下,是否会出现前摄干扰。结果表明：1.使用非情绪字为实验刺激材料,在刺激呈现时间相对短暂的情况下,实验中没有出现前摄干扰效应,进一步说明前摄干扰是由于实验刺激的呈现时间延长导致,与实验材料的复杂程度关系不大；2.被试的情绪被诱发时,即使刺激呈现时间较短,实验仍然出现了前摄干扰效应。综上,本研究的结论为：刺激呈现的时间是能否产生前摄干扰的原因之一；在刺激呈现时间较短的情况下,情绪影响前摄干扰的产生,由此影响视觉工作记忆的容量。
[Abstract]:Working memory is a system with limited capacity, which can store and maintain information for a short time, and process and control the information. In many complex cognitive activities, such as reasoning, language understanding, learning and mental arithmetic, working memory plays a very important role. Proactive interference is an important factor affecting the capacity of working memory, and it also plays an important role in the advanced cognitive function which depends on working memory. The so-called proactive interference refers to the interference effect of the previously studied materials on the retention and recall of the learning materials, and the more similar the contents of the learning before and after learning, the greater the degree of interference. Since the learning process involves attitude, experience and behavior response to objective things, and the emotional nature of memory content is closely related to the effect of later recall, therefore, in the study of memory process, Emotion is also an indispensable element. In this study, 41 female undergraduates were selected to study the mechanism of proactive interference in visual working memory by using the recent task of detecting stimuli and using emotive and non-emotional words as experimental materials. This study is composed of two experiments, using non-emotional words and emotional words as experimental materials. In the non-emotive word experiment, we used the recent probe stimulus task to divide the experiment into 10 blocks, each containing 8 trials. Each trial randomly selected three Chinese characters with frequency level 1 (regular word) or frequency level 5 (non-common word). The probe stimuli were identical to the learning stimulus or the Chinese characters that appeared, or one Chinese character became different from the learning stimulus. Participants were then asked to keystroke responses to the same learning and detection stimuli. The purpose of the experiment was to verify whether the complexity of the material was one of the factors contributing to proactive interference without emotional inducement; in the emotive word experiment, We only change the stimulative material from non-emotional to emotive, then use the same experimental task and procedure as the non-emotional word experiment, and ask the subjects to react. The purpose of the emotion word experiment is to explore whether there will be proactive interference under the condition of emotion being induced. The result shows that 1: 1. When non-emotional words were used as experimental stimuli, there was no proactive interference in the experiment when the time of the stimulation was relatively short, which further showed that the probiotic interference was caused by the prolongation of the presentation time of the experimental stimulus. It has little to do with the complexity of experimental materials. When the emotion of the subjects was induced, even though the stimulation appeared for a short time, there was a proactive interference effect in the experiment. To sum up, the conclusion of this study is as follows: the time of stimulus presentation is one of the reasons why the proactive interference can be produced; in the case of short time of stimulus presentation, emotion affects the production of proactive interference, which affects the capacity of visual working memory.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.3

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