启动刺激和掩蔽刺激的融合在负相容效应中的作用

发布时间：2018-05-29 15:59

本文选题：负相容效应 + 融合　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：掩蔽启动范式中,掩蔽刺激和目标刺激之间的SOA超过l00ms时,被试对与启动刺激相同的目标刺激箭头指向的反应要比与启动刺激相反的目标箭头指向慢,错误率更高,研究者把这种现象称为负相容效应(Negative compatibility effect)。负相容效应被认为反映了动作系统对阈下呈现的启动刺激所引起动作激活的一种抑制效应。但是大量研究结果证明了在启动刺激高可视度条件下仍然会发生负相容效应；还有研究发现用客体作为启动刺激在启动刺激完全可视并且没有掩蔽刺激的情况下也能发生负相容效应。掩蔽启动范式和以客体为启动刺激发现负相容的范式有以下相同点：首先,掩蔽启动范式中的启动刺激和客体都能够在客体的特征被加工之前自动化引起动作激活；其次,两种范式的条件下,负相容效应都发生于目标刺激与其前面的刺激之间的SOA为l00ms的条件下；另外,有研究认为启动刺激和掩蔽刺激可以形成一个动态的客体,因此掩蔽启动范式中存在着启动刺激引起的动作激活和掩蔽刺激特征进行整合加工的可能性。因此,本研究将从两个角度来验证在掩蔽启动范式中出现负相容效应是由于启动刺激引起的动作激活和掩蔽刺激特征进行整合加工的结果,这和客体作为启动刺激产生负相容效应的机制是一致的。本研究采用Jaskowski的实验范式,实验一通过形成矩形框加强启动刺激和掩蔽刺激的特征融合加工发现,即使在无关掩蔽的条件下,负相容效应也能够发生,并且和有关掩蔽刺激无显著差异；实验二,通过控制启动刺激和掩蔽刺激是否能够在同一客体发现,当启动刺激和掩蔽刺激在同一客体时,发现了负相容效应,而当其不在同一客体时没有发现负相容效应,这也就说明了启动刺激和掩蔽刺激的融合加工是引起负相容效应的原因；实验三用于排除当启动刺激和掩蔽刺激在不同的客体时,是由于对掩蔽刺激的加工程度不够而引起负相容效应的假设。综合以上三个实验我们得到以下结论：在掩蔽启动范式中,启动刺激引起的动作激活和掩蔽刺激特征进行融合加工过程也许是引起负相容效应的主要原因；启动刺激可视度对负相容效应的影响也许就在在于高低可视度情况下启动刺激和掩蔽刺激是否能形成一个客体；掩蔽刺激在负相容效应中的作用是给启动刺激引起的激活提供一个可以融合的客体。
[Abstract]:In the masking priming paradigm, when the SOA between masked stimulus and target stimulus was higher than that of l00ms, the response of the subjects to the same target stimulus arrow as the priming stimulus was slower than that of the target arrow pointing opposite to the priming stimulus, and the error rate was higher. The researchers call this a negative compatibility effect. The negative compatibility effect is considered to reflect an inhibitory effect of the action system on the action activation caused by the subthreshold priming stimulus. However, a large number of studies have proved that there is still a negative compatibility effect under the condition of high visibility of priming stimulus. It is also found that using the object as the priming stimulus can produce negative compatibility when the priming stimulus is completely visible and does not mask the stimulus. The similarities between the masked priming paradigm and the object-priming paradigm are as follows: firstly, both the priming stimulus and the object in the masking priming paradigm can automatically activate the action before the object's characteristics are processed. In both paradigms, the negative compatibility effect occurs when the SOA between the target stimulus and the previous stimulus is l00ms. In addition, some studies suggest that priming and masking stimuli can form a dynamic object. Therefore, there is the possibility of action activation caused by priming stimulus and the feature of masking stimulus in masking priming paradigm. Therefore, this study will verify from two angles that the negative compatibility effect in the masking priming paradigm is the result of the action activation caused by the priming stimulus and the integration of the characteristics of the masking stimulus. This is consistent with the mechanism by which the object acts as a mechanism for initiating the negative compatibility effect of the stimulus. In this study, Jaskowski's experimental paradigm was used. In experiment 1, it was found that the negative compatibility effect could occur even under the condition of independent masking by forming rectangular frames to enhance the feature fusion of priming and masking stimuli. And there was no significant difference from the related masking stimuli. In experiment two, by controlling whether the priming stimulus and the masking stimulus could be found in the same object, the negative compatibility effect was found when the priming stimulus and the masking stimulus were in the same object. But when it is not in the same object, there is no negative compatibility effect, which shows that the fusion process of priming stimulus and masking stimulus is the cause of the negative compatibility effect; experiment 3 is used to exclude when the priming stimulus and masking stimulus are in different objects. It is a hypothesis of negative compatibility effect due to inadequate processing of masking stimuli. Synthesizing the above three experiments, we draw the following conclusions: in the masking priming paradigm, the activation caused by priming stimulus and the fusion process of the feature of masking stimulus may be the main causes of the negative compatibility effect; The effect of priming stimulus visibility on negative compatibility effect may lie in whether the priming stimulus and masking stimulus can form an object under the condition of high or low visibility. The role of masking stimuli in negative compatibility effects is to provide an object that can be fused for activation caused by priming stimuli.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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