预试效应产生机制的实验研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 15:47

本文选题：预试效应 + 提取　；参考：《福建师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在记忆的信息加工理论中,提取是记忆过程的重要阶段之一。如何有效地提取信息并使记忆得到长期、有效的保持亦是记忆心理学的研究热点。测试效应或提取练习的研究表明,提取对于记忆的有效保持起着关键作用。而新近研究则表明,不但学习后的提取练习或测试有助于长期记忆的保持,学习之前的“预提取”也有助于记忆的保持,即预试效应(pretesting effect)。研究已初步表明“预提取”对记忆的促进作用,但对于材料性质、反馈时机和测试间隔等变量对预试效应影响的作用机制尚未明确。本研究以此问题为切入点,通过三个实验探讨影响预试效应的变量及其作用机制。实验一操纵材料性质,考查了不同关联性材料对预试效应的影响。实验二在其基础上引入反馈时机变量,考查对“预提取”进行即时反馈和延时反馈的情况下预试效应的变化。实验三在前两个实验的基础上操纵测试间隔变量,通过对比即时测试和延时测试条件预试效应的变化,进一步探讨预试效应的产生机制。本研究通过三个实验得出如下结论： (1)预试效应的搜索集理论(Search Set Theory)适用于解释在短期记忆保持情况下,材料关联度和不同反馈时机对预试效应的影响。 (2)当考虑不同的测试间隔变量时,搜索集理论仅适用于解释即时反馈下的预试效应,而延时反馈下的预试效应则符合必要难度理论(Desirable Difficulties Theory)的预测。 (3)“预提取”所包含的提取过程使学习者的学习判断更准确(相对于“重复学习”),表明其对元认知判断的影响可能存在与测试效应下的提取练习相似的作用机制。
[Abstract]:In the information processing theory of memory, extraction is one of the important stages of memory process. How to extract information effectively and keep memory for a long time is also a hot topic in memory psychology. Studies on test effects or extraction exercises have shown that extraction plays a key role in the effective retention of memory. Recent studies have shown that not only the extraction exercise or test after study is helpful to the retention of long-term memory, but also the "pre-extraction" prior to learning is helpful to the retention of memory, that is, the pre-test effect is pretesting effectt. The effect of "pre-extraction" on memory has been preliminarily shown, but the mechanism of the effects of variables such as material properties, feedback timing and test interval on the pre-test effect has not been clarified. In this paper, three experiments are carried out to explore the variables that affect the pretest effect and its mechanism. In the first experiment, the effects of different related materials on the pretest effect were investigated. The second experiment introduces the feedback timing variable to examine the change of pre-test effect in the case of "pre-extraction" and time-delay feedback. The third experiment manipulates the test interval variables on the basis of the first two experiments and further discusses the mechanism of the pre-test effect by comparing the changes of the pre-test effect between the real-time test and the time-delay test condition. Through three experiments, this study draws the following conclusions: 1) the search Set theory of pre-test effect is applicable to explain the effects of material correlation and different feedback timing on the pre-test effect under the condition of short-term memory retention. 2) when different test interval variables are considered, the search set theory can only be used to explain the pre-test effect under instant feedback, while the pre-test effect under time-delay feedback is in accordance with the prediction of the necessary difficulty theory. (3) the extraction process involved in "pre-extraction" makes learners' learning judgment more accurate (compared with "repeated learning", it indicates that its influence on metacognitive judgment may have a mechanism similar to that of extraction exercises under test effect.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.3

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