视觉工作记忆存储负荷类型对注意选择的影响

发布时间：2018-05-31 00:19

本文选题：视觉工作记忆 + 注意选择　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：环境中充斥着大量的刺激信息,然而个体用于加工这些信息的认知资源是有限的。为了完成日常的活动,注意系统利用有限的认知资源选择部分重要信息进行更深层次的加工,并抑制与任务无关的信息,这被称之为注意选择。若任务相关信息的加工没有受到不相关信息的影响,则表明注意进行了有效选择;若任务相关信息的加工受到了不相关信息的干扰,则表明无关信息影响了注意选择,这种现象被称为干扰子效应。以干扰子效应作为衡量注意选择有效性的指标进行的研究表明,视觉工作记忆存储负荷影响注意选择。视觉工作记忆存储负荷视觉工作记忆存储负荷分为视觉工作记忆容量负荷和视觉工作记忆精度负荷两种类型,关于视觉工作记忆容量负荷对注意选择的影响的结果并不一致,有研究发现容量负荷减弱干扰子效应(KonstantinouLavie,2013;RoperVecera,2014;Konstantinou et al.,2014),也有研究发现高容量负荷增强干扰子效应(ZhangLuck,2015),不一致的结果可能受到Flanker任务相对于视觉工作记忆任务呈现位置的影响。此外,视觉工作记忆精度负荷对注意选择的加工机制仍不清楚。而且,在视觉工作记忆的编码和保持阶段,视觉工作记忆存储负荷类型(容量负荷和精度负荷)对注意选择影响的作用机制分别是什么?是需要进一步研究的问题。针对上述问题,本研究采用Flanker任务为注意选择任务,记忆色块颜色为视觉工作记忆任务,通过操纵Flanker任务相对于视觉工作记忆任务的呈现位置,分别探讨在视觉工作记忆的编码和保持阶段,精度负荷和容量负荷对注意选择的影响,以期进一步揭示视觉工作记忆存储的负荷类型对注意选择的加工机制。共设计4个实验:实验1探讨在视觉工作记忆编码阶段,视觉工作记忆存储负荷类型和注意选择任务的呈现位置对注意选择的影响;实验2探讨在视觉工作记忆保持阶段,视觉工作记忆存储负荷类型和注意选择任务的呈现位置对注意选择的影响;实验3探讨在视觉工作记忆保持阶段,当Navon任务位于视觉工作记忆任务的中心位置时,视觉工作记忆存储负荷类型和靶目标的加工类型对注意选择的影响;实验4在视觉工作记忆保持阶段,采用ERP技术探讨视觉工作记忆存储负荷类型对注意选择的加工机制。概括来说,本研究得出以下结论:在视觉工作记忆的编码阶段和保持阶段,视觉工作记忆存储负荷通过不同的加工机制来影响注意选择。具体说,(1)在视觉工作记忆的编码阶段,与没有视觉工作记忆负荷相比,视觉工作记忆容量负荷和精度负荷均消耗更多的知觉资源,从而使保持阶段的干扰子效应降低。结果支持知觉选择机制理论。(2)在视觉工作记忆的保持阶段,与没有视觉工作记忆负荷相比,在视觉工作记忆精度负荷的条件下完成位于记忆项中心的注意选择任务时干扰子效应减小,而在视觉工作记忆容量负荷条件下完成位于记忆项中心的注意选择任务时干扰子效应加大。结果支持注意空间上的转换消耗注意资源的理论。
[Abstract]:There is a lot of stimulus information in the environment, but the cognitive resources used to process this information are limited. In order to accomplish daily activities, it is noted that the system uses limited cognitive resources to select some important information for deeper processing and to suppress information that is irrelevant to tasks. This is called attention choice. If the task phase is the task phase. The processing of the closed information is not affected by the unrelated information, which indicates that attention is taken effectively. If the processing of the task related information is disturbed by the unrelated information, it indicates that the unrelated information affects the attention selection. This phenomenon is called the interference subeffect. The study shows that visual working memory storage load affects attention selection. Visual working memory storage load is divided into two types: visual working memory capacity load and visual working memory precision load. The effect of visual working memory capacity load on attention selection is not consistent. It was found that capacity load attenuated interference subeffects (KonstantinouLavie, 2013; RoperVecera, 2014; Konstantinou et al., 2014), and also found that high capacity load enhanced interference (ZhangLuck, 2015). The inconsistent results may be influenced by the position of the Flanker task relative to the visual working memory task. In addition, visual work The processing mechanism of memory precision load on attention selection is still unclear. Moreover, what are the mechanisms of the effect of visual working memory storage load type (capacity load and precision load) on attention selection in the coding and retention stages of visual working memory, which need further research. This study aims at the above problems. The Flanker task is to select the task, and the color of the memory color block is a visual working memory task. By manipulating the position of the Flanker task relative to the visual working memory task, the effect of the coding and holding phase of the visual working memory, the effect of the precision load and the capacity load on the choice of the annotation is respectively discussed in order to further reveal the visual work. A total of 4 experiments were designed for the processing mechanism of memory storage load type on attention selection. In Experiment 1, the effects of visual working memory coding stage, visual working memory storage load type and attention selection task presentation position on attention selection were discussed. In Experiment 2, the visual working memory retention period was discussed, and visual working memory storage load was discussed. The effect of the presentation position of type and attention selection task on attention selection; Experiment 3 explores the effect of visual working memory storage load type and target processing type on attention selection when the Navon task is located at the center of visual working memory task, while Experiment 4 maintains visual working memory. At the stage, ERP technology is used to discuss the processing mechanism of visual working memory storage load type on attention selection. In general, this study draws the following conclusions: in the coding and maintaining stages of visual working memory, visual working memory storage load affects attention selection through different processing mechanisms. Specifically, (1) in the visual work The coding stage of the memory, compared with the visual memory load without visual working memory, consumes more perceptual resources in visual working memory capacity load and precision load, thus reducing the interference effect in the retention phase. Results support the theory of perceptual selection mechanism. (2) in the maintenance stage of visual working memory, compared with no visual working memory load, The interference subeffect is reduced when the attention selection task located in the memory center is completed under the condition of visual working memory precision load, while the interference subeffect increases when the attention selection task is located in the memory center under the visual working memory capacity load condition.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3

【参考文献】