蒙汉大学生自我构念对知觉影响的实验研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 23:37

本文选题：自我构念 + 蒙汉大学生　；参考：《内蒙古师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：自我构念一直是心理学中的核心话题，近年来随着心理学研究框架向文化-社会-心理-脑-基因模式的转变，关于自我构念跨文化心理学的研究更是受到了普遍关注除了对自我构念的文化差异研究外，研究者们逐渐热衷于自我构念与个体的心理过程(如知觉记忆思维等)和行为的关系研究已有研究发现，自我构念存在典型的文化差异，并会对个体的认知过程和外显行为带来影响受到东亚文化影响的人们以集体主义文化价值取向为主，个体容易形成互依型自我构念；而受到西欧和北美文化影响的人们则以个体主义文化价值取向为主，个体容易形成独立型自我构念不同的自我构念类型又会对个体的知觉特点产生影响独立型自我倾向的个体大多关注区别于背景的凸显对象，容易形成独立于背景的分析式知觉特点；互依型自我倾向的个体则更加关注于背景以及对象与背景的关系，往往形成依赖于背景的整体式知觉特点以往的研究多集中在对欧美个体与东亚日本人中国人进行的跨文化比较研究，而对蒙古族个体的比较研究较少本研究首次以蒙古族为研究对象，使用自我构念量表(SCS)测查不同文化背景下蒙汉大学生自我构念特点及其差异，又通过行为学实验与眼动技术考察蒙汉大学生自我构念的差异对其知觉特点的影响，并通过文化启动范式进一步探讨了自我构念启动下的知觉变化特点，初步探索了文化-自我-认知（知觉）之间的关系研究结果显示： (1)蒙汉大学生自我构念存在显著差异汉族大学生自我构念的互依型大于独立型，形成了以互依型为主的自我构念；外蒙蒙古族大学生（简称外蒙大学生，下同）则自我构念的独立型大于互依型，形成了以独立型为主的自我构念；内蒙蒙古族大学生（简称内蒙大学生，下同）的自我构念表现为互依型大于独立型 (2)蒙汉大学生自我构念差异导致知觉特点不同倾向于互依型自我构念的汉族和内蒙蒙古族大学生，在完成整体字母知觉任务时反应时快于部分任务，表现为整体占优势的知觉特点而倾向于独立型自我构念的外蒙古大学生，则在部分字母知觉任务反应时快于整体任务，表现为部分占优势的知觉特点 (3)眼动实验的数据显示，蒙汉大学生在观看场景图片时，对物体注视远远高于对背景的注视在观看物体-背景不一致图片时，蒙汉大学生在注视物体和背景区域上的眼动指标存在显著差异：在物体区的注视时间和次数上，外蒙古被试显著高于汉族和内蒙古被试；而对于背景区的注视和兴趣区回视，汉族和内蒙古被试则显著高于外蒙古被试，说明汉族和内蒙大学生更关注背景及物体与背景的关系，外蒙大学生更关注前景物体 (4)文化启动实验表明，在独立型自我构念启动条件下，蒙汉大学生在部分字母任务上表现更好于整体字母,倾向于部分占优势的知觉特点；在互依型自我构念启动条件下，，蒙汉大学生则在整体字母任务上表现好于部分字母任务，倾向于整体占优势的知觉特点因此可得出以下研究结论： 1.内蒙古蒙古族大学生和汉族大学的自我构念表现为互依型倾向特点，外蒙古大学生表现出独立型倾向，文化差异及文化融合对自我构念有影响作用 2.行为学和眼动两个层面的研究表明，不同自我构念倾向性对个体的知觉认知有着影响作用汉族和内蒙古蒙古族大学生更倾向整体优势认知，而外蒙古大学生更倾向于局部优势认知 3.文化启动条件下，自我构念的即时变化导致知觉加工的变化，说明文化启动效应下自我构念变化造成知觉的改变
[Abstract]:Self construction has always been the core topic in psychology. In recent years, with the transformation of psychology research framework to culture social psychology brain gene model, the research on self construction of cross-cultural psychology has attracted more and more attention. The relationship between body mental processes (such as perceptual memory thinking, etc.) and behavior
It has been found that there are typical cultural differences in self construction, and that people who have influenced the cognitive process and explicit behavior of the individual are dominated by the collectivist cultural value orientation, and the individual is easy to form an interdependent self structure, while people influenced by Western European and North American cultures are individualistic. Based on the orientation of the value orientation, the individual easily forms the independent self structure of the different self construal type and the individual that affects the individual's perceptual characteristics, most of the individuals who are independent of the individual self tendencies are mostly concerned with the prominent objects that differ from the background, and are easy to form an independent analysis perception point independent of the background; the individuals with mutual dependent self tendencies are more closely related. The relationship between background and object and background tends to form a holistic perceptual feature depending on the background.
The previous research focused on the cross-cultural comparative study of the European and American individuals and the Japanese people in East Asia, while the comparative study of the Mongolian individuals was the first to take the Mongolian as the research object. The self construction scale (SCS) was used to examine the characteristics and differences of the self construction of the Mongolian and Chinese College Students under different cultural backgrounds. The influence of the differences of self construction between Mongolian and Chinese college students on the perceptual characteristics of Mongolian and Chinese college students was investigated, and the characteristics of the perceptual changes under the start of self construction were further explored through the cultural start - up paradigm, and the results of the relationship between culture self - cognition (perception) were explored.
(1) there is a significant difference between the self construction of the Mongolian and Chinese college students, and the mutual dependence of the self construction of the Han students is greater than that of the independent type. The self construction of ancient college students (Inner Mongolia college students and the same below) is more dependent than independent.
(2) the difference between the self construction of the Mongolian and Chinese college students leads to the Han and Inner Mongolia Mongolian College students who are different in the characteristics of mutual dependence, which are faster than a part of the task while completing the overall letter perception task. The foreign students of Mongolia who tend to be independent of the independent self structure are in part. The reaction time of letter perception task is faster than that of the whole task.
(3) the data of eye movement experiments show that there is a significant difference between Mongolian and Chinese students' eye movements on objects and background areas when watching pictures of the scene, which is far higher than that of the background. The eye movement of the Mongolian and Chinese students in the object and the background area is significantly different. In the object area, the watching time and the number of times, the outside Mongolia is tested. It is higher than the Han and Inner Mongolia subjects, while the Han and Inner Mongolia subjects are significantly higher than those in the outside Mongolia. The Han and Inner Mongolia college students are more concerned with the background and the relationship between the background and the background, and the college students are more concerned with the foreground objects.
(4) cultural initiation experiments show that under the condition of independent self construction, the Mongolian and Chinese students are better than the whole alphabet on some letter tasks, and tend to be partly dominant. Under the condition of interdependence self construction, the Mongolian and Chinese students are better than some letter tasks on the whole letter task. The perceptual characteristics of the overall dominance
Therefore, we can draw the following conclusions:
1. the self construction of the Mongolian College Students and the Han University in Inner Mongolia is characterized by mutual dependence, and the college students in Mongolia show an independent tendency. Cultural differences and cultural integration have an impact on self construction.
2. studies of two aspects of behavioral and eye movements showed that different self tendencies had an influence on individual perception and cognition, the Han and Inner Mongolia Mongolian College students were more inclined to the overall dominance, while those in Mongolia were more inclined to local dominance cognition.
3. under the condition of cultural initiation, the immediate change of self construal leads to the change of perceptual processing, which indicates that the change of self perception is caused by the cultural priming effect.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.2

【参考文献】