高强迫倾向个体与强迫症患者在负启动任务下的促进与抑制研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 15:03

本文选题：强迫症 + 负启动　；参考：《西南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：强迫症(obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCD)是一种以强迫思维和强迫行为为主要症状的心理障碍。患者通常具有不断插入的想法、病态的怀疑、冲动的意念、对恐惧夸大的评价(强迫思维)以及重复的、刻板的、仪式化的行为(强迫行为)等表现。这些强迫思维和强迫行为通常不是出于个体自愿的,因此强迫症患者还存在有自我强迫与反强迫并存,消耗大量的心理资源,影响个体正常地执行任务,降低个体的生活质量。这些闯入性思维也许是由于OCD患者在面临矛盾信息时,选择注意相关材料同时抑制无关矛盾信息的能力不足,因此对有关信息的过度促进和对无关信息的抑制困难被认为是OCD的发生病原学的关键性原因。促进和抑制是注意中的相对的两个方面。促进是和当一个刺激重复的时候反应时的减少相关。抑制是指一个人压制无关刺激或者干扰的刺激的能力,抑制中的损害是通过对先前的抑制刺激的反应时的延误来估计的。抑制功能是执行功能的重要组成部分,可以说,在所有的执行功能当中,都有抑制过程的参与。一些研究发现,强迫症患者在负启动任务中,存在增强的促进和减少的抑制,表明OCD患者的执行功能受损。负启动(NP)是指当前一个刺激中的干扰项作为后一个刺激中的目标呈现时的抑制作用,表现为当上次显示(启动显示)中被忽略的干扰项成为下次显示(探测显示)中的目标时,被试对该目标的反应时增加。正启动,指被试对相同、紧密相关或者先前处理过的信息的反应潜伏期减少。目前,有大量关于OCD患者在负启动任务下的研究表明,OCD患者在负启动任务下存在减少的抑制。在不同情绪唤醒和反应间隔时间下,OCD患者的促进和抑制是否存在差异还有争议。本研究采用修订版的负启动范式,共分为三个研究。研究一通过在积极、消极、中性相关的情绪唤醒下,分离高低强迫倾向个体的促进和抑制,探讨不同情绪唤醒下高低强迫倾向个体的促进和抑制是否存在显著差异。研究二的目的是探讨不同的反应时间间隔下(400ms和1000ms),高低强迫倾向个体的促进和抑制特点。研究三使用的实验范式和实验材料同研究二,不同的是实验对象为强迫症患者组和健康对照组。考察的强迫症患者是在不同反应时间间隔下(400ms和1000ms),促进和抑制的特点。最后横向比较高强迫倾向是否存在和强迫症患者相似的认知缺陷。本研究的结论是： (1)高强迫倾向个体在消极的情绪唤醒下,比低强迫倾向个体存在更强的促进和更弱的抑制。但是在积极和中性的情绪唤醒下,两组没有显著差异。 (2)高强迫倾向个体与低强迫倾向个体相比,在长时间隔(1000ms)下,具有更强的促进,在短时间隔(400ms)下,具有更弱的抑制。 (3)OCD患者与健康对照组相比,在长时间隔(1000ms)下,具有更强的促进,在短时间隔(400ms)下,具有更弱的抑制。
[Abstract]:Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychological disorder characterized by obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Patients are usually characterized by constantly inserted thoughts, pathological doubts, impulsive thoughts, exaggerated assessments of fear (compulsive thinking), and repetitive, stereotypical, ritualized behavior (compulsive behavior). These compulsive thinking and obsessive behaviors are not usually voluntary, so there are also self-compulsion and anti-compulsion in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, consuming a large amount of psychological resources, affecting the normal implementation of individual tasks, and reducing the quality of life of individuals. These intrusive thinking may be due to the insufficient ability of patients with OCD to choose relevant materials and suppress irrelevant information when they are faced with conflicting information. Therefore, the excessive promotion of relevant information and the difficulty of suppressing irrelevant information are considered as the key reasons for the etiology of OCD. Promotion and inhibition are two opposite aspects of attention. Promotion is associated with a reduction in response when a stimulus repeats. Inhibition refers to a person's ability to suppress an unrelated or interfering stimulus, and the damage in inhibition is estimated by delay in the response to a previous inhibitory stimulus. Inhibition function is an important part of executive function. Some studies have found that patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have increased promotion and reduced inhibition in negative priming tasks, suggesting impaired executive function in patients with OCD. Negative priming NPs refer to the inhibitory effect of interference items in the current stimulus when they appear as targets in the latter stimulus, as shown when the neglected interference items in the last display (priming display) become targets in the next display (probe display), The response time to the target increased. Positive priming refers to a decrease in the latency of the subjects' response to the same, closely related, or previously processed information. At present, a large number of studies on patients with OCD under the negative priming task show that there is a reduction in the inhibition of OCD patients under the negative priming task. Whether there are differences in the promotion and inhibition of OCD patients at different emotional arousal and response intervals is controversial. This study adopts the revised negative priming paradigm and is divided into three studies. In the first study, under the positive, negative and neutral emotional arousal, the promotion and suppression of individuals with high and low compulsive tendencies were separated, and whether there were significant differences in the promotion and inhibition of individuals with high and low compulsive tendencies under different emotional arousal. The purpose of the second study was to investigate the characteristics of individual promotion and inhibition at different reaction time intervals of 400ms and 1000ms. The experimental paradigm and materials used in study 3 were the same as those in study 2, but the subjects were obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) group and healthy control group. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients were studied at different reaction time intervals of 400 Ms and 1000 Ms to promote and inhibit the characteristics. Finally, horizontal comparison of the high obsessive-compulsive tendency and obsessive-compulsive patients with similar cognitive impairment. The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1) the individuals with high obsessive tendency have stronger promotion and weaker inhibition than those with low obsessive-compulsive tendency under negative emotional arousal. But there was no significant difference between the two groups under positive and neutral emotional arousal. Compared with individuals with low obsessive-compulsive tendency, individuals with high obsessive-compulsive tendency had stronger promotion than those with low-obsessive-compulsive propensity (1000ms), and had weaker inhibition at short intervals of 400ms (P < 0.05). Compared with the healthy control group, the OCD patients had stronger promotion at a long interval of 1000ms and a weaker inhibition at a short interval of 400ms.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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