成功与失败限制性饮食者抑制控制力的脑机制研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 21:39

本文选题：限制性饮食 + 成功/失败限制性饮食者　；参考：《西南大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：饮食是人类生存最重要的部分。随着经济的发展,食物可随时获得,如何在充满诱惑的环境中成功的控制体重,是一个具有理论和实践意义的课题。限制性饮食(restrain eating,RE)是以控制体重为目的、长期并且严格地控制进食或是限制高热量的摄入的倾向。我国的肥胖人数虽不及西方发达国家,但增长迅猛,饮食相关的问题已经威胁到国民的身心健康并诱发一系列社会问题。因此对RE的系统研究不仅有助于丰富和拓展饮食问题的相关理论,也有助于开展对饮食失调问题的预防和干预。最重要的是,以往对RE的研究没有系统探讨成功限制性饮食者(succesful restrain eaters,S-REs)与失败的限制性饮食者(failed restrain eaters,F-REs)之间的差异。基于“为什么一些REs能够节食成功而一些REs则不能”这一节食领域的基本问题,本研究采用ERP技术和f MRI技术系统地考察S-REs与F-REs对食物线索加工的抑制控制功能差异的脑机制,并首次从结构像的角度探讨REs大脑灰质体积的个体差异。研究一探讨S-REs与F-REs对食物线索抑制控制力的差异。实验1为ERP研究,采用Go/Nogo任务,要求三组被试S-REs(n=15)、F-REs(n=15)、正常组(n=15)对低热量食物做出按键反应(Go条件),高热量食物做出抑制反应(Nogo条件)。行为结果发现,三组被试(成功/失败/正常)对低热量食物图片的反应时、准确性均无组间差异。ERP结果发现,成功组比正常组、失败组诱发一个更大的P2。在200-250ms,失败组比成功组诱发一个更大的N2。不论是高热量食物,还是低热量食物,在300-500ms,成功组比失败组诱发一个更大的P300。实验2为核磁研究,研究设计同实验1。结果发现,三组被试(成功/失败/正常)低热量食物图片的正确率无组间差异,但对低热量反应时有差异,成功组与正常组的反应时快于失败组。f MRI结果表明,对高热量(Nogo)反应抑制进行组间比较结果显示,相对于失败组、正常组,成功组在额中回、扣带回、小脑区域有更大的激活。相反,失败组相对于成功组,在下眶额叶、海马区域有更大的激活;正常组相对于失败组在额上回、小脑区域有更大的激活。正常组相对于成功组在眶额叶、尾状核区域有更大的激活。在对高热量食物线索进行抑制控制的时候,成功组表现与抑制控制有关的额中回有更强的激活,而失败组在与奖赏加工有关的脑区如眶额叶皮层有更大的激活。综上说明,面对食物线索,S-REs能够启动节食目标,抑制控制力增强;相反,F-REs抑制控制力较弱,更多注意食物的奖赏、享乐价值,更容易启动其的享乐目标,增加了过度进食与肥胖的风险。研究二利用ERP技术的高时间分辨率优势,进一步探讨饥饿与饱腹状态下,S-REs与F-REs抑制控制力的特点。实验3采用经典Go-Nogo范式,对低热量食物进行Go反应,对高热量食物进行抑制反应(Nogo),探讨了饥饿状态下(至少18小时不进食),S-REs(n=12)与F-REs(n=13)之间的差异。行为数据发现,成功组与失败组之间的反应时、正确率差异不显著。ERP结果发现,在饥饿条件下,失败组的早期认知加工过程,高热量食物图片比低热量食物诱发一个更大的N1,N2;而成功组对低热量食物诱发更大的负波。即,失败组需要对高热量食物的冲突检测要更加努力,而成功组对低热量食物比较关注,对低热量有比较大的冲突。可见,饥饿状态影响个体对食物相关信息的早期加工。实验4探讨饱腹状态下S-REs与F-REs之间抑制控制力的差异。被试区分成功组(n=12)与失败组(n=13)。研究设计同实验3。行为数据发现,成功组、失败组之间的反应时、正确率差异不显著。ERP结果发现,对于低热量食物图片,成功组比失败组诱发一个更大的N170,成功组对高热量食物有更大的P2;失败组比成功组有更小的P2;失败组对高热量食物比低热量食物诱发一个更大的晚期负成分。说明在饱腹状态下,F-RE更关注低热量食物,而S-REs能够对高热量食物比较关注,在进食的时候启动节食目标所致。综上说明,饥饿与饱腹对REs进食有影响,在饥饿条件下,失败组对高热量食物存在较大的冲突控制,而成功组对低热量食物则比较敏感。对于进食食物的选择,失败组更多选取高热量食物,不管自己生理状态,但是成功组更多选取低热量食物,因此在随后ERP实验中,失败组因为出现饱腹状态,对高热量食物不敏感,在进食满足之后才会启动节食目标;但是成功组在进食之后,表现出对高热量食物比较敏感,我们推测成功组在进食时成功采用节食目标,失败者进食之后表现对低热量食物关注,对高热量食物不关注,可能是过度进食后,启动节食目标,进入到节食-失败-节食的不良循环。研究三探讨REs大脑结构与局部功能网络特征的个体差异。采用3个研究探索性地探讨REs大脑灰质体积与大脑网络个体的差异。实验5选取正常大学生为被试(N=258,女性150名,男性108名)。被试完成限制性饮食量表和人口统计学资料后,进行核磁共振扫描。采用基于体素的形态测量学(voxel-based morphometry,VBM)的方法分析RE和局部灰质体积之间的关系。结果发现,高限制性饮食水平对应着更大的左侧脑岛(left insula)及眶额叶(orbitofrontal cortex,OFC)灰质体积。这两个区域与过食(overeating)及暴食(binge-eating)风险有关。相反地,RE水平和左右两侧后扣带回灰质体积大小呈显著负相关,而这一区域是与抑制控制及体重增加的潜在风险有关。实验6采用150名健康女性,测试荷兰饮食行为问卷(The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire,DEBQ),采用VBM的方法分析RE和局部灰质体积之间的关系。结果发现,DEBQ的限制性进食分量表与颞中回灰质体积有更大的正相关,DEBQ的情绪性进食分量表与奖赏有关的脑区(尾状核)有更大的灰质体积,而DEBQ的外部进食与楔前叶灰质体积呈现负相关。实验7采用静息态功能磁共振成像技术中的脑局部一致性(Re Ho,Regional Homogeneit、低频振幅(amplitude of low frequency fluctuations,ALFF)、功能连接密度(functionconnection density,FCD)以150名健康大学生女性为被试,研究了RE与大脑自发的神经活动之间的关系。结果发现,右侧脑岛、中央前回、扣带回区域的Re Ho、FCD、ALFF值与RE有紧密关系。具体地说,右侧脑岛、扣带回的Re Ho、FCD、ALFF值随着限制性的增加而升高,并且这些区域的ALFF值都与情绪有显著相关。这些大脑区域的ALFF值与RE的关系可能表明了不同水平的REs在奖赏加工、情绪调节等能力上存在显著差异。综上研究,从结构像与局部大脑网络两个角度进一步阐明了REs的脑机制。结果一致的显示限制性饮食水平越高的个体,与奖赏有关的脑区有更大的灰质体积,与抑制控制有关的脑区灰质体积更小,这与对肥胖以及饮食失调者的研究的结果相一致。本研究结果从侧面验证了失败限制性饮食者可能具有低抑制控制力的特征,成为肥胖者的风险更高。综上所述,一方面,S-REs与F-REs抑制控制力是有差异的,面对食物诱惑,F-REs有出较差的抑制控制力,特别是在饥饿状态,而且容易出现过度进食行为,而S-REs表现出较强的抑制控制力;另一方面不同水平的RE在大脑结构上表现不同的趋势,有可能成为失败的个体在与奖赏有关的脑区有更大的灰质体积。本研究的主要创新:首次采用ERP与f MRI技术,系统探讨成功与失败组的抑制控制力的特点;进一步验证成功与失败组在不同状态下抑制控制力差异;首次采用结构像与大脑局部网络特征为REs提供科学证据。
[Abstract]:Diet is the most important part of human survival. With the development of the economy, food can be obtained at any time. How to control weight successfully in a seductive environment is a theoretical and practical topic. Restrain eating (RE) is the purpose of controlling weight for long-term and strict control of eating or limiting high fever. Although the obesity population in China is not as good as that in western developed countries, it is growing rapidly. The food related problems have threatened the physical and mental health of the people and induce a series of social problems. Therefore, the systematic research on RE not only helps to enrich and expand the related theory of dietary problems, but also helps to develop the problem of eating disorders. Prevention and intervention. Most importantly, previous studies of RE did not systematically explore the differences between the successful restrictive dieters (succesful restrain eaters, S-REs) and the failed restrictive dieters (failed restrain eaters, F-REs). Based on "why some REs can be a successful diet and some REs are not" the base of this diet In this study, ERP and f MRI techniques were used to systematically investigate the brain mechanisms of the differences in the inhibitory control function of S-REs and F-REs on food cues processing, and for the first time the individual differences in the volume of gray matter in the REs brain were investigated from the angle of the structural image. A study was made to explore the difference between the control force of the inhibition of food cord inhibition by S-REs and F-REs. Experiment 1 was a study of ERP, Using the Go/Nogo task, three groups of subjects were asked to S-REs (n=15), F-REs (n=15), and normal group (n=15) to respond to low calorie food (Go condition), and high calorie food to make a inhibitory reaction (Nogo condition). The results showed that the accuracy of the three groups of subjects (successful / failed / normal) in the response to low calorie food images had no difference in.ERP results. It was found that in the successful group, the failure group induced a larger P2. in 200-250ms than the failure group. The failure group induced a larger N2., whether it was high calorie food or low calorie food. In the 300-500ms, the successful group induced a larger P300. Experiment 2 than the failure group. The study design and experiment 1. found that three groups of subjects were tested ( There was no difference in the correct rate of low calorie food pictures, but the response to low calorie was different. The response of the successful group to the normal group was faster than the failure group.F MRI results. The results showed that the high calorie (Nogo) reaction inhibition was compared with the failure group, the normal group, the cingulate gyrus, the cerebellum, the cingulate gyrus, the cingulate gyrus, the cerebellum. In contrast, the failure group has a greater activation in the inferior orbital frontal lobe and the hippocampus than the successful group; the normal group has greater activation in the cerebellum than the failure group. The normal group has a greater activation in the orbitofrontal and the caudate nucleus relative to the successful group. The control of high calorie food leads to the control. At the time, the successful group showed a stronger activation in the amount associated with the inhibition control, while the failure group was more activated in the brain areas related to the reward processing, such as the orbital frontal cortex. In the face of food clues, S-REs could start the diet target and inhibit the control enhancement; on the contrary, the F-REs inhibited the control power and paid more attention to the food. Reward, hedonistic value, more easy to start its hedonistic goal, increase the risk of overeating and obesity. Study two use the high time resolution advantage of ERP technology to further explore the characteristics of S-REs and F-REs control under hunger and satiety. Experiment 3 use the classic Go-Nogo paradigm to react to low calorie food, and high fever. Inhibition response (Nogo) was used to investigate the difference between S-REs (n=12) and F-REs (n=13) in starvation (at least 18 hours). The behavior data found that the difference between the successful group and the failure group was not significant.ERP results, the early cognitive process of the failure group, the high calorie food map under the starvation condition. A larger N1, N2, than low calorie foods, and a larger negative wave in a low calorie diet. That is, the failure group needs to work harder on the conflict detection of high calorie foods, while the successful group is more concerned with low calorie foods and a relatively large conflict of low calorie. Early processing. Experiment 4 investigated the difference of control force between S-REs and F-REs in full belly. The subjects were divided into successful group (n=12) and failure group (n=13). Study design and experiment 3. behavior data discovery, successful group, failure group, the difference of correct rate was not significant.ERP results, for low calorie food pictures, the successful group was lost. The defeat group induced a larger N170, the successful group had a greater P2 for the high calorie food; the failure group had a smaller P2 than the successful group; the failure group induced a larger late negative component to the high calorie food than the low calorie food. It indicated that under the condition of satiety, the F-RE paid more attention to the low calorie food, and the S-REs was more concerned with the high calorie food and was in the advance. It was shown that hunger and satiety had an impact on REs eating, and that in starvation, the failure group had greater conflict control over high calorie food, while the successful group was more sensitive to low calorie food. But in the successful group, more low calorie foods were selected, so in the subsequent ERP experiment, the failure group was not sensitive to the high calorie food and started the diet after feeding. But the successful group was more sensitive to the high calorie food after eating, and we speculated that the successful group was successful in the diet. After eating, the losers showed concern for low calorie food after eating, and did not pay attention to high calorie foods. After overeating, it was possible to start the diet and enter the bad cycle of diet failure and diet. Study three explored the individual differences in the characteristics of the REs brain structure and local function network. 3 studies explored the brain ashes and explored the brain ash. The difference between mass volume and brain network individual. Experiment 5 selected normal college students as subjects (N=258, female 150, male 108). After completing the restrictive diet scale and demographic data, the subjects were scanned by MRI. The method of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to analyze RE and local gray matter. The results showed that the high restrictive diet level corresponds to the larger left brain Island (left insula) and the gray matter volume of the orbital frontal lobe (orbitofrontal cortex, OFC). These two regions are related to the risk of overeating (overeating) and overeating (binge-eating). On the contrary, the size of the RE level and the back cingulate cortex of the left and right sides of the cingulate gyrus is significantly negative. The region was related to the potential risk of control and weight gain. In Experiment 6, 150 healthy women were used to test the Holland dietary behavior questionnaire (The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, DEBQ). The relationship between RE and the volume of local gray matter was analyzed by VBM. The results showed that the restrictive eating subscales and the temporomandities of DEBQ. There is a greater positive correlation between the volume of middle gyrus and the mass of the DEBQ's emotional eating subscale and the reward related brain region (caudate nucleus), while the external feeding of DEBQ has a negative correlation with the volume of the gray matter in the pre wedge leaf. In Experiment 7, the brain local conformance in the resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Re Ho, Regional Homogeneit, low frequency) The amplitude (amplitude of low frequency fluctuations, ALFF), functional connection density (functionconnection density, FCD) was tested in 150 healthy female college students. The relationship between RE and the spontaneous neural activity of the brain was studied. In body, the Re Ho, FCD, and ALFF values of the right insula and cingulate gyrus increased with the restriction, and the ALFF values in these regions were all significantly related to the mood. The relationship between the ALFF value of the brain regions and RE may indicate that there are significant differences in the ability of REs in reward processing, emotional adjustment and so on. Two points of view, such as the local brain network, further elucidate the brain mechanism of REs. The results show that individuals with higher restrictive dietary levels have greater gray matter volume in the reward related brain regions and smaller volume of gray matter in the brain regions associated with inhibition control, which is consistent with the results of obesity and dietetic studies. The results showed that the failure restrictive diet was characterized by low inhibitory control and higher risk of becoming obese. On the one hand, on the one hand, the control power of S-REs and F-REs is different. In the face of food temptation, F-REs has a poor control power, especially in starvation, and it is easy to overeat. S-REs, on the other hand, showed a strong inhibitory control; on the other hand, different levels of RE showed different trends in the brain structure, and it was possible to become a failed individual in the brain areas associated with the reward. The main innovation of this study was the first use of ERP and f MRI Technology to systematically explore the suppression control of successful and failed groups. The characteristics of the force; further verify that the successful and failed groups inhibit the difference of control force in different states; for the first time, the structural image and the local network of the brain provide scientific evidence for REs.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B845.1

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