基于认知任务和刻板印象的冲突适应的领域性探索：ERP研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 17:26

本文选题：认知控制 + 冲突适应的领域性　；参考：《江西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在一致性任务中,被试在前一试次中经历冲突后会使其在当前试次中更好地解决冲突,这一现象称为冲突适应效应。日常生活中人们总是希望一种冲突环境中习得的冲突适应可以在各种冲突环境中起作用。那么冲突适应到底是领域一般的还是特殊的?近年来有关冲突适应的领域性研究也不少,但是这些研究都局限在相对中性的刺激(字母、数字、颜色、箭头等),对应的实验任务与被试在实验室之外的需要和动机没有直接联系。这些任务可能低估了控制调节的能力。有研究表明任务的社会重要性(与被试的需要、动机相联系)可能会调节冲突适应的领域性。这给冲突适应的领域性研究提供了一个新方向——引入社会因素来探讨冲突适应的领域性。为此本研究设计了两个实验并结合事件相关电位(ERP)探讨冲突适应在认知任务和社会任务中的领域性。以往研究表明任务转换产生的转换消耗会对冲突适应产生干扰,为此本研究采用了刺激转换范式和整合交叉范式;此外实验材料采用多水平的刺激集以排除特征整合和联结学习的干扰。实验一采用面孔-词认知Stroop任务与刻板Stroop任务结合的刺激转换设计,结果表明从认知Stroop任务到刻板Stroop任务,中前区SP波幅表现出显著的冲突适应效应;而从刻板Stroop任务到认知Stroop任务只在正确率上表现出冲突适应效应,SP波幅上却没有。这暗示冲突适应具有领域一般性。然而,实验一采用的Stroop任务和刻板Stroop任务的冲突类型实质上是相同的(冲突都源于相关刺激维度和无关刺激维度),认知Stroop任务和刻板Stroop任务产生的冲突适应严格意义上并不算是领域间的。为此实验二引入两种完全不同的冲突类型,采用Simon与性别刻板启动目标范式结合的整合交叉设计(Simon冲突来源于相关反应维度和无关刺激维度,启动-目标冲突来源于相关刺激维度和无关刺激维度)。实验二结果表明Simon任务内,被试在反应时、正确率、顶枕区N450、额顶区SP和中前区SP波幅上均表现出经典的冲突适应效应;刻板印象任务内,顶枕区N450和中前区SP波幅均表现出显著的冲突适应效应;从Simon任务到刻板印象,顶枕区N450和中前区SP波幅均表现出显著的冲突适应效应;而从刻板印象到Simon任务,顶枕区N450和中前区SP波幅均未表现出显著的冲突适应效应。最终得出如下结论:1、从认知任务到刻板印象任务,冲突适应具有领域一般性。2、从刻板印象任务到认知任务,冲突适应具有领域特殊性。3、任务的社会重要性可能会调节冲突适应的领域性,并且具有方向性——调节作用只限于从认知任务到刻板任务的领域性。4、认知控制在刻板印象的表达中有重要的调节作用。
[Abstract]:In the consistency task, the conflict will be resolved better after the participants experience the conflict in the previous trial. This phenomenon is called conflict adaptation effect. In daily life, people always hope that a conflict adaptation acquired in a conflict environment can play a role in various conflict environments. So is conflict adaptation domain general or special? In recent years, there has been a lot of research on conflict adaptation, but these studies have been limited to relatively neutral stimuli (letters, numbers, colors, etc.) The corresponding task is not directly related to the needs and motivation of the subjects outside the laboratory. These tasks may underestimate the ability to control regulation. Studies have shown that the social importance of tasks (associated with subjects' needs and motivations) may regulate the domain of conflict adaptation. This provides a new direction for the domain study of conflict adaptation-introducing social factors to explore the domain of conflict adaptation. Two experiments were designed to explore the domain of conflict adaptation in cognitive and social tasks. Previous studies have shown that the switching consumption caused by task switching will interfere with conflict adaptation. Therefore, this study adopts stimulus shift paradigm and integrated cross-paradigm. In addition, multi-level stimuli were used to eliminate the interference of feature integration and associative learning. In experiment 1, the stimuli conversion design of face word cognitive Stroop task and stereotyped Stroop task was adopted. The results showed that SP amplitude in the middle anterior region showed significant conflict adaptation effect from cognitive Stroop task to stereotyped Stroop task. However, from stereotyped Stroop tasks to cognitive Stroop tasks, there is only a conflict adaptation effect in the accuracy of the tasks and there is no SP amplitude. This implies that conflict adaptation has a domain of generality. However, In experiment one, the conflict types of Stroop tasks and stereotyped Stroop tasks are essentially the same (the conflicts are derived from the relevant stimulus dimensions and unrelated stimuli dimensions, and the conflicts generated by cognitive Stroop tasks and stereotyped Stroop tasks are strictly adaptable in the sense of adaptability). It's not a domain. In experiment 2, two completely different types of conflict were introduced. The integrated cross-design of Simon and gender stereotyped initiation goal paradigm was derived from the relevant response dimension and irrelevant stimulus dimension. The priming-goal conflict originates from the related stimulus dimension and irrelevant stimulus dimension. The results of experiment 2 showed that in Simon task, the correct rate of reaction time, parietal occipital area N450, frontal parietal SP and middle anterior SP showed classic conflict adaptation effect, and in stereotype task, The amplitudes of N450 and SP in the parietal occipital area showed significant conflict adaptation effect, from the Simon task to the stereotype, from the parietal occipital area to the stereotype, and from the stereotype to the Simon task, the amplitudes of N450 and SP wave in the parietal occipital area showed significant conflict adaptation effects. Neither N450 nor SP amplitude in parietal occipital area showed significant conflict adaptation effect. Finally, we draw the following conclusion: 1, from cognitive task to stereotype task, conflict adaptation has domain generality, from stereotype task to cognitive task, Conflict adaptation is domain-specific. 3. The social importance of the task may regulate the domainness of conflict adaptation. And the directional-regulatory effect is limited to the domain from cognitive task to stereotype task. Cognitive control plays an important role in the expression of stereotype.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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