空巢老人自我忽视及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 05:48

本文选题：空巢老人 + 老年人自我忽视　；参考：《云南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着工业化、现代化和城市化进程不断推进,现代医疗技术进步使平均寿命延长以及生育能力下降,空巢老人队伍不断壮大,并且呈现出一定的时代特性。和非空巢老人相比,“空巢”这一特殊情况使其获得的社会支持和照顾明显更少,增加了个人安全和健康风险,使其在进行自我照顾时受到诸多限制,极大地降低了空巢老人的生活品质,从而给老年生活蒙上阴影。虽然社会各界对空巢老人给予了广泛关注,但大多以消极客观的视角来看待其存在的身心问题并作出解释,并将关注重心放在外界对空巢老人的忽视,忽略了空巢老人对自身身心状况的忽视。本研究试着以自我忽视为立足点和出发点,关注空巢老人自我忽视情况,深入探讨空巢老人自我忽视现象背后存在的原因。本研究共分为2个部分:量化研究和质性研究。研究一:在前期查阅大量相关文献并进行初步访谈的基础上,确定影响空巢老人自我忽视的两个主要因素是应对方式和领悟社会支持,采用《老年人自我忽视量表》、《简易应对方式量表》和《多维领悟社会支持量表》对679名老年人(其中空巢老人349名,非空巢老人330名)进行抽样调查并进行统计分析;研究二:扎根理论研究。选择在自我忽视问卷上得分处于极端值的11名空巢老人进行深入访谈,深化研究内容及结果。得出的主要研究结果有:(1)空巢老人自我忽视广泛存在且自我忽视程度显著高于非空巢老人,农村空巢老人自我忽视程度显著高于城市;(2)空巢老人自我忽视程度由高到低依次为:社会交往、医疗保健、生活方式、居住环境;(3)空巢老人自我忽视在性别、年龄段、文化水平、居住地、是否退休、居住情况、婚姻状况、平均月收入等人口学变量上存在显著差异;(4)不同身心健康状况和社会交往状况的空巢老人自我忽视情况存在显著差异,总体而言,身心越健康,社会交往情况越好的空巢老人自我忽视越低;(5)空巢老人领悟到的社会支持显著低于非空巢老人,采用的积极应对方式显著少于非空巢老人,但在消极应对上二者并不存在显著差异;(6)应对方式和领悟社会支持对空巢老人的自我忽视具有负向预测力,即空巢老人领悟到的社会支持越多,更倾向于用积极应对,则自我忽视程度越低。相比消极应对,积极应对的预测力更广泛。在社会交往、医疗保健和居住环境的维度上,其他支持具有更广泛的预测力;在生活方式和自我忽视总分上家庭支持具有更广泛的预测力;(7)扎根理论得出个性因素、条件限制、角色定位、自我觉知、成长背景不仅仅直接影响空巢老人的自我忽视,其他四项因素还通过个性因素对空巢老人的自我忽视产生影响,其中个性因素是影响空巢老人自我忽视最重要的因素。
[Abstract]:With the development of industrialization, modernization and urbanization, the development of modern medical technology leads to the prolongation of life expectancy and the decline of fertility. The special situation of "empty nests" significantly reduces their access to social support and care, increases personal safety and health risks and limits them in their self-care, as compared to non-empty nesters, It greatly reduces the quality of life of the empty nest old man, thus casting a shadow over the life of the old man. Although people from all walks of life have paid extensive attention to empty-nesters, most of them take a negative and objective view of their physical and mental problems and explain them, and focus their attention on the neglect of empty-nesters by the outside world. Neglected the empty nest old man to own physical and mental condition neglect. This study tries to take self-neglect as the foothold and starting point, pays attention to the self-neglect of empty-nest elderly, and probes into the reasons behind the phenomenon of self-neglect of empty-nesters. This study is divided into two parts: quantitative study and qualitative study. Research 1: on the basis of a large number of related documents and preliminary interviews, two main factors affecting self-neglect of empty-nesters were found to be coping style and perceived social support. The Self-neglect scale for the elderly, the simple coping style scale and the Multi-Dimensional perceived Social support scale were used to sample 679 old people (349 empty nesters and 330 non-empty nesters). Research 2: grounded theoretical study. In order to deepen the research content and results, 11 empty-nesters with extreme scores on self-neglect questionnaire were selected for in-depth interviews. The main results of this study are as follows: (1) the self-neglect of empty nesters is widespread and the degree of self-neglect is significantly higher than that of non-empty nesters. The degree of self-neglect in rural empty-nesters is significantly higher than that in urban areas (from high to low) the degree of self-neglect of empty-nesters is: social interaction, health care, lifestyle, living environment, etc. There were significant differences in demographic variables such as education level, residence, retirement, living condition, marital status and average monthly income. (4) there were significant differences in self-neglect among empty-nest elderly with different physical and mental health and social interaction. In general, the healthier the body and the mind, the lower the self-neglect of the empty-nesters with better social contact.) the social support perceived by the empty-nesters was significantly lower than that of the non-empty-nesters, and the positive coping styles adopted by the empty-nesters were significantly lower than those of the non-empty-nesters. However, there is no significant difference in negative coping between the two groups. (6) coping styles and perceived social support have negative predictive power on self-neglect of empty-nesters, that is, the more social support perceived by empty-nesters, the more inclined to use positive coping. The degree of self-neglect is lower. The predictive power of positive coping is more extensive than that of negative coping. In the dimensions of social interaction, health care and living environment, other support has broader predictive power; family support has broader predictive power in the total score of lifestyle and self-neglect. Role orientation, self-awareness, and background of growth not only directly affect the self-neglect of empty-nesters, but also influence the self-neglect of empty-nesters through personality factors. Among them, personality factor is the most important factor that affects empty nest old man's self-neglect.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.4

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